HARVARD UNIVERSITY
FARLOW
REFERENCE LIBRARY
CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY
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A QUARTERLY RECORD OF
CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY
AND ITS LITERATURE.
Edited by M. C. COOKE, M.A., A.L.S.,
Author of “ Handbook of British Fungi," “ Fungi, their uses," <fc., “ Bust, Smut, Mildew, and Mould,’ } <$fc., tfc.
YOL. XI.
18 8 2-8 3 .
WILLIAMS and NORGATE,
HENRIETTA STREET, COYENT GARDEN, LONDON; SOUTH FREDERICK STREET^ EDINBURGH.
LEIPZIG : F. A. BROCKHAUS. NEW YORK : WESTERMANN & CO*
NOV 2 2 1995
Fahuow Reference Library
‘iX
H. W. WOLFF, PRINTER, LEWES.
Y8AR8IJ mm
No. 57. J
[September, 1882.
dmitlea,
A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY AND ITS LITERATURE.
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
By Charles B. Plowright.
With Illustrations of all Species, by Dr. M. C. Cooke, M. A., A.L.S.
There are several points which render the members of this genus specially interesting to the mycologist, and which make it a promising field for the worker. In the first place, the nature of matrices upon which the species grow fungi. Hypomyces are inter alia fungi growing upon other fungi. These fungous hosts vary in nature and in quality very considerably. Some are living fungi, which afford the Hypomyces a home long ere they themselves have attained maturity ; for example, H. luteo-virens , Fr., grows upon agarics. It has occurred near King’s Lynn for three successive seasons, yet, although attention has been especially directed to this point, it has not, as yet, been possible to determine with certainty what the agaric is, for the simple reason that the Hypomyces attacks it before it appears above ground, and so alters its appear- ance, that beyond recognising the fact that it is an agaric, its genus, much less its species, cannot be determined. Prof. P. A. Karsten, however, has met with this Hypomyces in Finland, upon various species of Lactarii , and it is highly probable that, in the course of time, this observation will be confirmed in this country. More commonly, however, these parasites attack fungi which have attained, or even passed their maturity, as H. chrysospermus , aurantius, rosellus , &c. Some grow upon the fleshy Agancini and Boleti , others upon the tough, coriaceous Polyporei and Sterei , while two species affect such ephemeral hosts as the Myxomycetes afford. But perhaps the most remarkable species grows, not upon the fungus itself, but upon the ground under or near where it has decayed, this decay being the result of the growth of an earlier stage of the Hypomyces. In other words the Hypomyces, in its conidial stages, first attacks the host fungus, and by causing its
1
2
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
decay, generates the pabulum necessary for the nourishment and perfection of the higher form of fructificatian (ascigerous) of the Hypomyces , which is found in a stroma developed on the ground.
The genus Hypomyces, however, is interesting, not only from its fungicolous habit, but also from the numerous phases of existence through which many of its members pass. In the highest condi- tion under which we meet with it, it is ascigerous, and belongs to the large order Sphceriacei, inasmuch as it has its sporidia inclosed in asci, and its asci enclosed in perforate perithecia. The perithecia are membranous, coloured often brightly, pierced at the apex by minute ostiola, and are, as a rule, seated upon a web of floccose mycelium, which is tolerably permanent, and has usually the same colour as the perithecia. The asci are, as a rule, octosporous, and take the form of an elongated cylinder. The sporidia are of two types, (1) either rather large, fusiform, normally uniseptate, and produced at either extremity into an acute point or pointed appendage ; or (2) they are small, oval, with blunt extremities, and, as a rule, uniseptate.
The second form of fructification consists of Macroconidia or Chlamydospores. These are large spores having usually a thick, often echinulate or verrucose epispore, frequently globose, brightly coloured, and very abundant.
The third form of fructification, the Microconidia or Conidia proper, are, on the contrary, small hyaline spores, often extremely abundant, born singly upon the tips of hyaline tubes, or conca- tenately. Many of them have been described as autonomous species of Mucedenes , under the genera Botrytis, Verticillium, Dactylium , &c.
All three states of every Hypomyces have not as yet been observed, either in this country or elsewhere. As a rule, the ascigerous condition is the least frequently encountered, but this is by no means always the case ; perhaps, upon the whole, the microconidia are the most abundantly diffused.
M. Tulasne mentions two species of Hypomyces , which have been found in this country, but which cannot, 1 think, be fairly included in this genus, as it is at present limited, viz. : —
Hypomyces miliarius and H. tuberosus. Both these species have this in common, that they, while growing parasitically upon other fungi, develope sclerotia. They were both pointed out by M. Max Cornu at Hereford.
Hypomyces miliarius, Tul. This species consists of a thin white layer of mycelium running over the gills, and sometimes other superficial parts of various Russules ( R . emetica , fattens, and adusta). From this mycelium are produced erect conidiophores, which bear abundant narrow ovate oblong conidia ‘OOT-'OIS mm. in length. Intermixed with the mycelium are innumerable small globose sclerotia.
Tulasne, Sel. Carp. Fung., hi , p. 43, note. Saccardo, Mich., i., p. 287.
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
3
Hypomyces tuberosus , Tul., is a much larger plant than the preceding. The sclerotia are large, globose or irregular, whitish or pallid, and externally a good deal resembling those from which Agaricus cirrhatus is developed, but there is this very marked difference between these two sclerotia — those of the agaric, when cut across, are pale yellow within, while those of the so-called Hypomyces are reddish brown. My friend M. Cornu last autumn gave me some fresh sclerotia of the latter kind, which I placed in incisions in the stem of a specimen of Lactarius vellereus , and kept under a bell glass. In due course the sclerotia developed a beautiful mould consisting of a central stem which, in the course of a few days from its first appearance, grew to the height of 2 to 3 c. m., and gave off at right angles branches bearing oval hyaline spores. The branches were very numerous, nearly at right angles to the central stem, not arranged in whorls. The erect direction of the stem soon became lost, and the branches interlaced with those of other specimens, so that an intricate mass was formed, from which was developed a fresh crop of sclerotia.
Tulasne, Sel. Carp. Fung., in., p. 58, note. Saccardo, Mich., i., p. 287.
There remain two species of Hypocrea which, only after mature consideration, have been excluded from the present monograph, namely, H. alutacea and H. inclusa , B. & Br. The former is a well known plant which has been figured and described by various authors under the generic designations of Hypocrea , Cor- dyceps , Claviceps , Sphceria, and Clavaria. As usually found in this country, it bears a stronger external resemblance to the Torrubice , than to the members of any other genus. Its fructification, how- ever, clearly shows its affinity to the Hypocrece. Its asci contain eight uniseptate hyaline sporidia, which at maturity fall into two separate halves at the septum, so as to appear as sixteen globose sporidia arranged in a linear series.
M. Tulasne regards this species as an ally of the Hypomyces , and considers it parasitic upon Clavaria ligula. Now Clavaria ligula is not properly speaking an English species, for although within the last few years it has been recorded from Scotland, it has not as yet been met with south of the Dee. In searching for Hypocrea alutacea, some few years ago, near Hereford, Mr. C. E. Broome casually mentioned the fact that he frequently found it growing in company with Spathularia flavida , and since which time I have found it several times, but always associated with the Spathularia , except on one occasion. So intimate and pertinacious has this association been that 1 cannot doubt its parasitism. The other occasion, alluded to above, was near King’s Lynn, when it occurred upon an old stump, and although I cannot recognise the host upon which it grew (any more than the agaric which harbours Hypomyces luteo-virens) , yet I have no doubt as to the parasitic nature of this plant.
The younger specimens are whitish in colour, and only assume
4
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
their alutaceous hue when the perithecia are developed. M. Tulasne (Sel. Fung. Carp., hi., t. iv., f. 4) gives a figure of the conidia, which are globose hyaline bodies born upon verticillate septate threads.
Hypocrea inclusa , B. & Br.,is a species remarkable, both on account of its curious habitat as well as for its fructification; it is virtually an eight-spored Hypocrea} growing internally upon the hymenium of Tuber puberulum .
The following seventeen species of Hypomyces naturally fall into two groups, viz., those of which the ascigerous fructification is known and those of which it is unknown. The former may further be divided into (a) those having larger acute sporidia, and (b) those with smaller obtuse sporidia.
Ascospores Known.
A. Sporidia acute.
1 Hypomyces
2
3
4
5
6
n
a
11
a
it
8
9
10
11
n
t>
n
B. Sporidia obtuse.
12
13
14
15
a
it
a
ii
chrysospermus, Tul. asterophorus, Tul. lateritius, Tul. torminosus, Tul. rosellus, Tul. aurantius, Tul. ochraceus, Tul.
Tulasneanus, Plow. & Cooke, luteo-virens, Tul. terrestris, Plow. & Boud. Broomeanus, Tul.
Berkleyanus, Plow. & Cooke, aureo-nitens, Tul. violaceus, Tul. candicans, Plow.
Ascospores Unknown.
16 Linkii, Tul.
17 cervinus, Tul.
1. Hypomyces chrysospermus, Tul. Conidia , small, white, ovate or oblong, obtuse at both ends, sometimes contracted in the middle ; *01 to *02 mm. long by *005 to *006 mm. wide.
Chlamydospores. Sphserical, rough with warts, golden yellow, be- coming yellow brown, very abundant ; *013 to *02 mm. in diameter.
Perithecia. Numerous, crowded, upon and amongst the golden powder of the chlamydospores, ovoid, with a conico-attenuated apex ; at first hyaline, then golden yellow, smooth; *3 to *32 mm. in height.
Asci. Cylindrical, attenuated below; *12 to *2 mm. long by *001 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight, elongated, lanceolate, hyaline usually, unequally uniseptate ; *021 to *03 mm. long by *006 mm. wide.
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
5
Hypomyces chrysospermus, Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat., Series iv., vol. xiii. (1860), p. 16.
„ ,, Karsten Mycol. Fenn. n., p. 209.
„ „ Sel. Fung. Carp, hi., p. 49, t. vm., f. 1-13.
„ „ Fuckel Symb. Myc., p. 182.
,, ,, Berk, and Broome. Ann. N. H., No. 1832.
„ „ Phillips and Plow., Grev. vm., p. 104.
„ ,, Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.
Mycol. Yenet. sp. 124.
Chlamydospores : Tubiporus sulphuratus. Reticularia chrysosperma. Mucor chrysospermus.
>* »
>> »>
Uredo mycophila.
>> V
Sepedonium mycophilum.
Paulet. t. 183, fig. 1, 2.
Bull. t. 476, f. 4.
Bull. t. 504, f. 1.
Sow. t. 378, f. 13.
With, iv., p. 370.
Purton. ii. & hi., No. 1121.
Alb. and Schw., p. 122.
Pers. Obs. Myc., p. 16.
„ Synop., p. 214.
Be Cand. Flor. Gall, n., p. 230. Nees Syst. der Pilze.,p. 44, t. hi.,
f. 38.
Mycobanche chrysosperma.
Sporotrichum mycophilum. Sepedonium chrysospermum.
Mart. FI. Cryp. Erlang., p. 339. Link. Obs. i., p. 16.
Willd. Sp. Plant, vi., p. 29.
Corda leones, iv., p. 7, t. hi., f. 23. Grev. t. 198.
Chev. FI. Par., t. hi., f. 16.
Chev. Fung, et Byss., t. 16.
Rabh. Exs. 184.
„ Cryp. Flor. i., p. 71.
Pers. Champ. Com., p. 133.
Wallr. FI. Germ, n., p. 272. Spreng. Sys. Yeg. iv., p. 549.
Link. Obs. i., p. 29.
Fries Sys. Myc. hi., p. 438.
Fries Sys. Yeg. Sc., p. 497.
Berk. Eng. FI. v., pt. 2, p. 350. Tulasne Act. Heb. Ac. Science, 1855, p. 616.
Berk. Outlines, p. 355.
Cooke Hdbk., p. 619.
Fckl. Exs., No. 141.
Stevenson Mycol. Scot., p. 286. Berk. Cryp. Bot., pp. 298, 304, 306. Kunze Exs. 223.
Bisch. f. 3806.
Bonord. Hdbk., t. 4, f. 103.
Karst. Exs. 387.
6
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
Common in the conidiferons state upon various Boleti, especially B. scaber , chrysenteron , subtomentosus , badius, and edulis. It also occurs on Paxillus involutus , and upon Strobilomyces strobilaceus. Tulasne records it upon Scleroderma verrucosum, Octaviana astero- sperma, and Melanogaster variegatus.
The ascigerous state is much the most uncommon ; it was found by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley at Coed Cocli, and in Chapelton wood near Forres by the Rev. J. Stevenson and myself in September, 1879. The infected Boletus first shows signs of being affected with the parasite by producing upon its surface, at some point, a crop of microconidia. If it be examined in this stage, numerous mycelial tubes will be seen making their way downwards or to- wards the centre of the matrix. These penetrate with great rapidity into the substance of the Boletus. Immediately beneath the microconidia will now be found upon the same mycelium the macroconidia. They are at first almost colourless, but soon be- come faintly tinged with yellow, then golden. The whole fungus in a short time becomes reduced to a mass of golden powder, which falls to pieces on the gentlest touch. What the precise conditions are which favour the production of perithecia I have failed to dis- cover beyond that the too rapid development of Chlamydospores must not take place.
Plate 146. a. Portion of a Boletus with the conidia growing in a white woolly mass upon its surface. Nat. size.
b. Part of the same X 400.
C. Microconidia x 400.
d. Macroconidia X 400.
e. Perfect fungus on Boletns. Nat. size.
f. Perithecia X 20.
g. Perithecium X 140.
h. i. Asci and sporidia X 400.
k. Sporidia X 600.
2. Hypomyces asterophorus, Tul. Conidia, cylindrical, produced from the extremities of the branching mycelial tubes ; -Ol-'OIS mm. long by *0035 mm. wide.
Chlamydospores produced singly upon the lower and thicker portions of the mycelial tubes ; spkserical, rough with warts, ap- pendiculate, eventually falling into a copious fawn-coloured powder ; *02 to ’025 mm. in diameter.
Perithecia formed in and by the effused mycelial tubes, crowded, sessile, sphaerico-ovoid, more or less elongated at the neck; with acute, pervious ciliate ostiola ; pale yellow brown, sub-hyaline; T5 mm. high by ‘OT-’Oy mm. wide.
Asci broadly ovate, abruptly attenuated below.
Sporidia narrowly lanceolate, curved, mucronate at either end, uniseptate, pale yellowish brown ; -025-*035 mm. long by ‘006 mm. wide.
Hypomyces asterophorus, Tulasne. Sel. Fungi Carp. vol. hi., p.
54, t. 9.
GREVILLEA
PL. 146.
Hypomyces chrysospermus . ^Tul.
A
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
7
Hypomyces asterophorus, Fackel. Symb. Myc., p. 181.
„ ,, Karsten Myc. Fenn. n., p. 209.
„ „ Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.
Conidia :
Elvella clavus. Schseff., t. 279.
„ ,, Paulet., t. 190, f. 4.
Fungoidaster parvus, &c. Mich., p. 200, t. 82, f. 1.
Merulius lycoperdoides. De Cand. FI. Fr., vol. n., p. 128. Onygena agaricina Schweintz Fung. Car. Super, p. 65.
Agaricus lycoperdonoides. Bull. t. 166 and t. 516, f. 1.
„ „ Sow. t. 383.
„ „ Pers. Synop., p. 325.
„ „ Pers. Mycol. Europ., vol.
hi., p. 127.
Agaricus (Asterophora) lycoperdoides. Nees Syst. d.
Pilze., p. 206, t. 24, f. 194.
Asterophora Linkii. Schrad. N. Jour. Bot., vol. in., p.
17.
„ „ „ Mag. Nat. Fr. z. Berlin,
m. (1809), p. 33.
„ lycoperdoides. Ditm. Sturm, t. 26.
,, „ Babh. Exs. No. 235.
,, agaricoides, lycoperdoides, physaroides, and
trichoides. Fries Obs. Myc. ii., p.367. „ agaricoides, lycoperdoides, and physaroides.
Fries. Sys. Mycol. in., p. 205.
„ lycoperdoides and trichoides. Fries Sys.
Yeg. Sc., p. 446.
„ agaricoides and lycoperdoides. Berk. Eng.
FI., vol. v., pt. 2, p. 322. Wallr. Flora. Germ.,pt. 2, p. 270.
„ lycoperdoides and physaroides. Bonor-
den, p. 134, t. 11, f. 224.
Asterosperma agaricoides. Pers. Champ. Comes, t .i.,p. 132 and 134.
Nyctalis asterophora. Fries Ep., p. 371. S. Y. S., p. 312. Hymen., p. 463.
„ „ DeBaryBot. Zeit.,t.l7 (1859),
p. 385 and 3 9 7, t. 13, f. 1-11.
„ „ Berkeley Outlines, p. 217.
Cryp. Bot., p. 305, 366.
„ „ Cooke Hdbk., p. 231.
„ „ Stevenson Mycol. Scot., p. 116.
„ „ Cooke and Quelet, p. 151.
„ „ Karst. Exs., 512.
Parasitic upon Nyctalis parasitica, certain years abundantly ; at other times scarcely a specimen is met with.
The perithecia of this species of Hypomyces differ considerably
8
A MONOGRAPH OP THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
from those of the other members of the genus. They are formed of very large polygonal cells, which become elongated and parallel where they form the ostiolum. The conidial state of this fungus has been known in this county since the time of Sowerby, but it was only in the month of September, 1880, that I was fortunate enough to meet with perithecia. Several specimens were then found in Hockering Wood in company with the Rev. J. M. Du Port. Their development was carefully watched by placing them attached to the matrix ( Russula nigricans) upon damp sand under a bell glass. The conidia specially affect the pileus of the Nyctalis , often so freely as to arrest the growth of the plant, and to cause it to assume the appearance of an Onygena. The microconidia are pro- duced by the tips of the hyphse, which break off in little cylindrical bodies. Lower down upon the same hyphse the macroconidia are produced often in great profusion. The lowest portions of the hyphas are dilated and convoluted, and it is by an intertwining of these convolute bases that the perithecia are produced, pi. 147 d. As was the case with Hypomyces chrysospermus, too free a produc- tion of macroconidia is unfavourable to the development of peri- thecia. These are most frequently found upon or inside the stem of the Nyctalis , but they are by no means of common occurrence.
Plate 147. a. Nyctalis bearing the parasite. Nat. size.
b. Macroconidia X 400.
c. Microconidia x 400.
d. Perithecium in formation x 100.
e. Perithecium x 10.
f. Perithecium x 400.
g. Asci and sporidia (after Tulasne) X 400.
h. Sporidia x 400.
ON THE HETERGECISM OF THE UREDINES.
In a recent number of “Grevillea ” a number of experiments performed by the writer upon the alternation of generation of Puccinia grammis with JEcidium berberidis were detailed. It will be remembered that so frequently were the check plants affected with Uredo that the obvious conclusion arrived at was that the sEcidium had very little to do with its production. This year another series of cultures was instituted, in which the promycelium spores of Puccinia granimis were sown upon young barberry plants with the unvarying result of producing the ALcidium , the check plants remaining free from the fungus. Young wheat plants, which were kept continuously covered by bell glasses from the time they were first sown till the experiment was concluded, were also found, when infected with ripe Azcidium berberidis spores, to become in- fected with Uredo , while similar plants not so infected remained healthy. But several other species of hetercecismal Uredines were
GREVILLEA
PL. 147.
Hypomyces asterophorus. ‘2' ul .
ON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES.
9
made subject of experiment ; some of the most strikingly suc- cessful were made with Podisoma juniperi , which produced the Rcestelia so abundantly as to cause the death of young hawthorns operated upon. It is proposed that an epitome of all these experi- ments be read at some of the Hereford meetings next October, tv hen no doubt they will be fully criticised. Of course to those botanists who have already accepted the hetercecism of the Uredines these experiments will appear to be a work of supererogation, and a mere waste of time, but it must be remembered that many of us in this country have hitherto either declined altogether to accept the theory until further evidence was forthcoming, or else believed it in a half-hearted, provisional sort of way. It is hoped that this year’s work has not been thrown away, but that those who were doubtful upon the point may see their way to accept it. Personally my own feelings, when this year’s experiments were begun, were biased against it by the unsatisfactory result of the 1881 experi- ments. But by investigating the life-history of more species, especially such as are uncommon, where the liability to acci- dental infection was practically nil, the accumulated evidence became irresistible. It is worthy of notice that no less than three Uredines which were hitherto not known to be British were by those experiments brought to light, viz., PEcidium zonale , Duby, on Inula dysenterica ; Puccinia magnusiana, Kornicke, on Phrag- mitis communis, hitherto regarded as a variety of Puccinia graminis ; and Puccinia poarum, Nielsen, a fungus I have for many years known both in the Uredo and Puccinia form, but always regarded as a form of Puccinia coronata.
It is needless to add that our acceptance of heteroecism will entail a complete rearrangement of the Uredines , and it is hoped that a paper on this subject may also be submitted to the members of the Woolhope Club.
Had it not been for the kindness of my friend M. Cornu in giving me directions and hints as to the manner of conducting these experiments, we might have gone on in our old groove for some time to come — a proof, if any were needed, of the utility of our autumnal conferences.
Ol course these experiments — amounting, as they do, to more than a hundred — have entailed some little work, and although there is no pretence of originality about them, yet the satisfaction of being able to see the germ-tube of a spore of Mcidium berberidis insinuating itself into the stoma of a wheat leaf, which I first watched at a very early hour one summer morning, was “ pretty considerable.”
Charles B. Plowright.
10
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
By M. C. Cooke.
{Continued from vol. x., p. 152.)
Agaricus (Tricholoma) exscissus, Fr. Icon. t. 44, /. 2. Coolie Illus.,
t. 171.
Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, at length um- bonate, even ; stem solid, even , thin, equal, smooth, rather shining ; gills emarginate, crowded, linear , white.
In pastures. Cromer (Rev. J. M. Du Port), May, 1882. Agreeing better with the figure in Fries’ “ leones ” than with his description. Pileus 2 inches, umbonate, umbo darker, opaque, mouse- grey, stem whitish, turning brownish at the base, 2 inches long, slightly striate. No perceptible odour.
Agaricus (Hypholoma) lacrymabundus, Fries Icon., t. 134, f. 1.
“ The species figured in the ‘ leones ’ occurred last October at Coed Coch, and near Hereford. What has usually passed under this name is A. velutinus P. We find the spores *0003-,0004 inch long, and in A. pyrrhotrichus *0005-*0006 inch.” — Berk, Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1950.
Agaricus (Hypholoma) cascus, Fr. Hym. Bur., 294.
“What we described in the ‘ Notices’ as an abnormal state of A. appendiculatus is undoubtedly this species.” — Berk, Br. Ann.
Nat. Hist., No. 1950.*
Agaricus (Hypholoma) pilulaeformis, Bull. t. 112.
Penzance, Mr. Ralfs. “ This is possibly a veil-bearing state of the very common A. spadiceus, though Fries says * velum etiam primitus absolute nullum.’ We are inclined rather to considerit the young of A. hydrophilus, Bull. t. 511 ; still we think it right to record its occurrence in Cornwall. We do not suppose, with Fries, that it has anything to do with Bolbitius .” — Berk. <$• Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1951.
Agaricus (Psilocybe) hebes, Fr. Hym.. Eur., 303.
Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin slightly striate ; stem fistulose, smooth, equal, growing pallid ; gills adnate , triangular , crowded, whitish then fuscous. Pers. Myc. Eur. hi. t. 28, fig. 5.
Amongst leaves, &c., in beech woods.
“ Not exactly the form figured by Fries in his leones as the stem is taller, but the colour of the hygrophanous pileus is the same exactly, the spores atro-purpureous. Pileus at first obtuse, but in drying it becomes spuriously and minutely umbonate. Spores •0007 in. long.” — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1952.
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
11
Agaricus (Psathyra) corrugis, P. Syn., p. 424.
Shankiin. The short form figured by Corda, in Sturm, under the name of A. vinosus. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1952.*
We also found the same form in the autumn of 1881 at Kew gardens. — M. C. C.
Agaricus (Psathyra) gossypinus, Bull, t. 425, f. 2.
Found at Coed Coch, Oct., 1881.
Spores *0004 to *0005 in. long. — B. §• Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1953.
Agaricus (Psathyra) nolitangere, Fr. Hym. Eur., 309.
Pileus membranaceous, carnpanulate, then expanded, everywhere striate , hygrophanous ; squamulose about the margin ; fragile, nearly naked, becoming brownish, apex even; gills adnate, broad, pallid fuscous. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1954.
Amongst twigs of oak.
Agaricus pennatus, Quelet. = Agaricus semivestitus, Berk.
Agaricus (Psathyra) microrhizus, Lasch.
Pileus membranaceous, carnpanulate, even, dry, sprinkled with shining atoms, at first yellow-pilose ; stem thin, short, rooting , silky, whitish ; gills adnexed, crowded, narrow, pallid, becoming blackish brown. — Fr. Hym. Fur. p. 309. B. fy Br, Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1955.
In grassy places.
“Gregarious, varying in size from a few lines to 1J inch, when it approaches the finer forms of A. gossypinus .” — B. Br.
Agaricus (Psathyrella) trepidus, Fr. Syst , 1 , 238, Hym. Eur.,p. 314.
Pileus membranaceous, carnpanulate, obtuse, smooth, very densely striate, hygrophanous ; disk even, stem almost straight, smooth hyaline, pellucid ; gills adnate, ventricose, crowded , thin, fuliginous, then black. — Pers.Myc. Fur. hi. t. 29, /. 1. B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1956.
Hothorpe (Miss Berkeley).
Stem about 3 inches long. Pileus about an inch, or more. Coprinus aratus, Berk. Outl., p. 176.
A group of this fine species, of large size, occurred at Hothorpe, Dec. 5, 1881. As the character given before was drawn up from a solitary specimen gathered in a very different situation, it re- quires a little amendment. The disk is sometimes rugose, some- times even ; the gills are at first attached, but so slightly that they easily part from the stem, so as to appear free, but they are still connected at the base, as if there were a slight collar. For “lamellis liberis,” “ lamellis secedentibus ” should be substituted. — B. § Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1956.*
Coprinus alternatus, Fr. Hym. Fur., p, 327.
Pileus rather fleshy, hemispherical, even, quite smooth, discoid, pallid, chalky, disk pale umber ; stem hollow, attenuated from the thickened base, smooth ; gills adnate, linear, cinereous, then black. FI. Danica, t. 1961. — B. $ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1957.
12
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
East Dereham (Rev. J. M. Du Port). This is scarcely a Coprinus, but rather a Psathyrella. — B. <$• Bi\ Stem 3 to 4 in., pileus lj inch.
Coprinus papillatus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 326.
Pileus membranaceous, ovate, then campanulate, striate, mealy grey, then torn, disc papillate with minute points, livid, fuliginous ; stem fistulose, smooth except at the base, hyaline pellucid ; gills free, approximate, black. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1958.
Batsch, Jig. 78.
In a fern-case. Shrewsbury.
Cortinarius (Dermocybe) cotoneus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 372.
Olive. Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, bullate, somewhat repand, innate — velvety ; stem solid, girt with the fuscous veil , base thickened ; gills rather crowded, olive, then cinnamon brown. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1959.
In oak woods. Clifton ( C . Bucknall).
Pileus 3 in., stem 3 in.
Paxillus Fagi, B. &Br.Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1961.
Beautifully gregarious, crisped, above pallid, beneath orange, gills crispate, orange. — B. $ Br.
On beech stump. Coed Cock.
“ Forming a wide crisped mass of great beauty, very different in appearance from P. panuoides , which is confined to fir wood, or saw-dust.” — B. fy Br.
Hygxophoxus fusco-albus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 410.
Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, even, smooth, viscid, fuscous, then cinereous, stem solid, equal, when dry white foccose at the apex, gills decurrent, broad, rather thick, snow-white. — B. & Br. Ann. Nat., Hist. No. 1962. Jungh, in Linn, v. t. 6,/. 1.
In woods amongst moss.
Stem 2 to 3 inches long, 4 to 6 lines thick. Pileus about two inches. Remarkable for its distinct floccose veil. — B. Br.
Hygxophorus Wynnei, B. Sf Br.
“ A good figure of this beautiful species is given in * Fungi Tridentini,’ by Bresadola, under the name of Clitocybe xantho- phylla .” — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1962.*
By an error Marasmius Wynnei, B. & Br., is named in the “ Notices ” instead of the above species. It may also be added that M. Bresadola does not consider his species to be the same as the above Hygrophorus , and hence he takes exception to the above note.
Polypoxus (Pleuxopus) Michelii, Fr. Hym. Eur.,p. 533.
Pileus between fleshy and tough, depressed, repand, rather silky, somewhat squamulose, white, then yellowish ; stem lateral, short, bulbous, rough, white, brownish at the base ; pores large, rounded, oblong, entire , white. — Micheli t. 61, f. 2. B. $■ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1963.
On willow trunks. Penzance.
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
13
Polyporus (Merisma) acanthoides, Fr. Hym. Eur., 540.
Imbricated, multiplex, tough then leathery ; Pileoli infundibuli- form, incised and dimidiate, somewhat zoned, longitudinally rugose, becoming ferruginous , stems connate, branched, pores sinuous , thin , edge toothed, white , then rufescent. — Pers. Ic. Piet ., t. 6. B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1964.
On trunks or the ground. Penzance.
Polyporus (Placodermei) pectinatus, Klotsch. in Linn. VIII. p. 485.
Fr. Hym. Enr., 559.
Pileus between corky and woody, hard, triquetrous, concen- trically plicate above, scaly , tomentose, ferruginous brown, pores small, short, obtuse, gilvous, naked. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist.,
No. 1965.
On trunks. Penzance.
“We follow Fries, though with some hesitation, in considering the European forms figured by Quelet identical with the Indian species. It cannot, however, be referred to either P. salicinus or P. conchatus .” — B. Br.
Polyporus (Resupinatus) mucidus, Fr. Hym. Bur., 577.
Effused, rather thick, somewhat immersed, soft, white, growing pallid, circumference indeterminate, byssoid, pores of medium size, unequal and torn. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1967.
On old decayed wood of firs. Penzance.
Daedalea cinerea, Fr. Sys. i. 336. Hym. Bur., p. 588.
Pileus between corky and woody, thick, rather undulate, zoned , tomentose , cinereous ; pores minute, obtuse, quite entire , some rounded, others very long and labyrinthiform, flexuous, in- tricate, white, or cinereous.
On beech. Penzance.
“ The thick substance separates this from every form of D. uni- color ; also the inciso-strigose surface of the pileus.” — B. Br.
Hydnum aureum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 613.
Subiculum determinate, rather cartilaginous, contiguous, smooth, golden yellow, circumference dentate and radiating ; spines subu- late, equal, of the same colour. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No.
1970.
Penzance.
“ A fine species, with a meruloid aspect.”
Hydnum denticulatum, Pers. Myc. Eur. n. 1 81.
Longitudinally effused, rather feshy, ochraceous-yellow, shining, subiculum thin, smooth, rather farinaceous, spines crowded, equal, margin denticulate. — B. $ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1971.
On wood. Penzance.
Irpex carneus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 622.
Effused, between cartilaginous and gelatinous, membranaceous, adnate, growing reddish, teeth obtuse or subulate, entire, united at the base. — B. fy Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1972.
On bark. Penzance.
“ When perfect it is a true IrpexP
14
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
Fhlebia lirellosa, Pers. Myc. Eur. in. p. 2, t. 18, /. 2, 3.
Resupinate, umber-grey, margin free, sinuosities very minute, linear, intermixed with pores. — B. fy Br. Ann. Nat. Hist ., No. 1973.
Penzance.
Stereum vorticosum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 639.
“Noble specimens of this very beautiful species, remarkable for its costate hymenium, were sent from Penzance by Mr. Ralfs.” — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1973.*
Corticium umbiinum, A. & S. Consp., 281.
Effused, soft, fleshy, umber, villose beneath, circumference ra- diating, short, of the same colour ; hymenium tuberculose, then collapsing, pulverulent ferruginous. — Fr. Hym. Eur., 858. B. §• Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1974.
On rotting spruce, &c. Penzance, &c.
Corticium maculaeforme, Fr. Hym. Eur., 656.
Orbicular, then confluent, indurated, thin, somewhat roseate, circumference similar, smooth; hymenium spuriously papillose, bluish grey pruinose. — FI. Ban., t. 1738,/. 2. B. ^ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1975.
On bark. Penzance.
Clavaria pyxidata, Pers. Comm., t. 1 ,/. 1.
Pallid, then clay colour, or reddish ; trunk thin, smooth, branched ; branches and branchlets all excavated in a cup-like manner at the apex ; margin of the cups proliferous. — Fr. Hym. Eur., 669. B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist , No. 1976.
On.wood. Penzance.
Calocera corticalis, Fr. Hym. Eur., 681. Batsch,fig. 162.
Csespitose, erumpent, soft, pellucid, pale flesh colour ; clubs subulate, distinct. — B. § Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1977.
On bark. Penzance.
Fenicillium macrosporum, B. fy Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., N0. 1978. Orange ; spores globose, large.
On decaying Lactarius (J. D. C. Sowerby).
Drawing in the British Museum Collection.
Rhinotrichum ramosissimum, B. Sf Curt.
Pale tan-coloured, flocci very much branched, articulate, the ultimate joints elongated and covered with spicules ; spores obo- vate, apiculate below. — North Amer. Fungi, No. 662.
On rotten wood. Moffat, N.B. Dr. Bayley Balfour.
This peculiar variety had the flocci in tufts so as to simulate exactly Trichia chrysosperma, with the peridia ruptured.
Cercospora Bloxamii, B. # Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1979.
Spots orbicular, pallid ; spores elongated, fusiform, acuminate at each end, multiseptate.
On decaying leaves of turnips.
Formerly distributed as Septo? ia Bloxami.
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
15
Ovularia elliptica, B. 8f Br. Gard Chron., 1881, p. 310. Ann. Nat, Hist., No. 1980. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 51.
On various lilies.
Ovularia Syringae, B. 8f Br. Gard. Chron., 1881, ii. p. 665. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1981.
Flocci for the most part decumbent, acrospores at first nearly globose, with a distinct terminal papilla, then elliptic, at length ovate, large. (’OOS-'OOS in. long.)
On leaves of Syringa. Aberdeenshire (A. S. Wilson ). Ramularia pruinosa, Speg. Dec., 106.
Spots ochraceous, at first small, round, soon occupying the entire leaf ; tufts densely gregarious, covering the surface of the spots with a frosty whiteness. Threads hyaline, continuous (•04-*06 X '003 mm.) apex 1-3 toothed; conidia cylindrical, rounded at the ends (,02-,03 x *003-'004 mm.) continuous, or uniseptate, hyaline. Sacc. in Michelia n. p. 170
On living leaves of Senecio Jacobcea , Forres. (Rev. Jas. Keith.) IVXystrosporium alliorum, Berk. Gard. Chron., 1878, p. 192. Ann. Nat.
Hist. No. 1982,
Pedicels flexuose, articulated ; spores terminal, or sometimes lateral, oblong, contracted at the middle, here and there pyriform, multi-articulate, dissepiments horizontal, and oblique.
On onions. Culver, Exeter.
Triphragmium filipendulee, Pass. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., vir. 25 5.
Stylospores , sori scattered, globose, covered by the epidermis, yellow, then girt by the ruptured epidermis, orange ; spores globose or ovate, orange, stipitate.
Teleuto spores, sori as above, brown, shining, then black, pulveru- lent ; spores subglobose, at first orange then brown, even ; stem hyaline, rather long.
On Spircea filipendula. Mount Caburn, near Lewes, September 14, 1862 {Herb. Currey).
Fuccinia Oxyiise, Buck. White MSS.
No description given.
On leaves of Oxyria reniformis. Skye.
Spores including the short hyaline stem *0024 in. long ; the divisions of the head subglobose, even.
Glseosporium Iiindexnuthianum, Sacc. Fungi Ital., 1032.
Spots roundish, brownish, at first with a rufous border, pustules dirty white in the middle of the spots, inflated, then erumpent ; sporophores fasciculate, cylindrical, simple, conidia, terminal, oblong, straight or curved, ends rounded ('016-*019 X *0045- •0055 mm.), granular within, hyaline. — B. Br. Ann. Nat. Hist.,
No. 1984.
On pods of Phaseolus. Sibbertoft.
Leotia chloxocephala, Schwein.
Pileus globose, quite smooth, rather pellucid, or verdigris- green. Stem elongated, twisted, powdery. Asci clavate-cylindri- cal. Sporidia cylindrical, obtuse, curved, nucleate (‘02-'022 x
16
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
•005 mm.) ; paraphyses filiform. — Cooke Myco ., jig. 174. B. $ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1985.
On the ground. Hampshire.
“ The tint of the green is so dark that it is nearly black, so that house painters might call it ‘ invisible green.’ L. atrovirens , P., occurred at Coed Coch in September, 1881 ; but it is clearly merely a state of Geoglossum viride, which accompanied it. The specimens agreed in every respect with the figure in Myc. Eur., t. 9, f. 1 to 3.”— B. $ Br.
Stigmatea Nicholsoni, Che.
On both surfaces. Perithecia in circles, black, erumpent, shining, convex, at length collapsed, smooth ; asci clavate ; sporidia ellipti- cal, rounded at the ends, uniseptate, constricted, pale brown (*018 X *008 mm.)
On leaves of Portugal Laurel. Newcastle, Co. Tipperary (Mr. Geo. Nicholson.)
Accompanied by pear-shaped stylospores, (about -016 X '01 mm.), pale brown with two septa, the middle cell again divided longitudinally, or with 4-5 cells formed by irregular division, ap- parently the stylospores are produced in separate perithecia. Sphaeria leprosa, Pers. in Fr. Sys. Myc. II. 365.
Immersed, perithecia few, nestling in the bark; necks straight, united in a white stroma ; disk minute, erumpent ; ostiola small. — B. fy Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1986.
On lime bark. Penzance.
“ Spores *0008 inch narrow.” — B. 4" Br.
Sphaeria aggregata, Lasch. in Kl. Herb. Myc. n.541. FcM. Rhen., 977.
According to Fuckel this is a Cenangium of which he had seen no asci, only stylospores. See Symb. p. 271. — B. ^ Br. Ann. JVat. Hist., No. 1987.
On Euphrasia officinalis. Penzance.
Didymium effusum. Link.
Sporangia sessile, or without regular form, snow-white, or now and then yellowish white ; capillitium of very fine fibres with branches combined into a thickly set net, colourless, provided with numerous small thickenings. Spores dull violet, almost smooth (•01--011 mm. diam., rarely only *008 mm.). — B. Br. Ann. Nat.
Hist., No. 1988. Smith in Gard. Chron., July 15, 1882, with jigs. 11 to 13.
On fronds of Hart’s tongue fern, Tregony, Cornwall.
COMING FUNGUS FORAYS.
Epping Fungus Foray. — The Essex Field Club has fixed Saturday, the 23rd September, for the Foray. The meeting place to be the Lough ton Station, the first train from London after two o’clock p.m. When the party has assembled, to proceed towards Highbeech.
COMING FUNGUS FORAYS.
17
Woolhope Fungus Foray. — To assemble at Hereford on and after Monday, October 2nd. The Club Foray to take place on Thursday, October 5th.
Cryptogamic Society of Scotland. — The Eighth Annual Conference will be held at Kenmore, Perthshire, on September 4th and following days, under the presidency of Professor J. W. H. Trail, M.A., M.D., F.L.S. Fellows who purpose being present are requested to communicate as soon as possible with F. Buchanan White, Hon. Sec., Perth. — At a meeting of Council held in Aber- deen on July 26th, it was unanimously agreed that, in consequence of the lamented death of the President, Dr. Dickie, F.R.S ., one of the founders of the Society, the meeting and public show arranged to take place in Aberdeen should be postponed till another year, and that instead a meeting should be held in some central place where there would be an opportunity of studying the Cryptogamic Botany of the higher hills. — Kenmore may be reached from Aberfeldy, on the Highland Railway, or from Killin Station, on the Callander and Oban Railway. It is situated at the east end of Loch Tay (on which a steamer has now been placed). The immediate neighbour- hood has been favourably reported on as presenting a presumably rich fungus-flora, while Ben Lawers and other mountains are distant only a few miles, as is the celebrated Fortingal yew, supposed to be the oldest living tree in Europe.
MICRO-FUNGI.*
We are always glad to see well-directed efforts for the spread of scientific knowledge, and one of its means is the publication of cheap manuals, but the great essential of these is strict accuracy, or the injury they cause is proportioned to the extent of their distribution. We were quite disposed to welcome a little book on “ Micro- fungi,” at one shilling, in which, under each month, an “ Old Col- lector ” relates the species most likely to be found and where to find them. The idea is a very good one, and, with a little more care, might have been successfully carried out. It was hardly to have been expected that the erudite author, starting with a Latin quotation at page 12, would have permitted seventy-seven Latin names to have passed him, in the course of ninety pages, un- corrected and inaccurate. The beginner at a study has a right to expect that what he is learning will not have to be unlearnt again, and that the Latinity to which he is so freely introduced, will pass muster. Hence we regret to observe so obvious a mis- take as sending out the printer’s proofs with the orthographical errors unrevised. This might be tolerated in a local newspaper, but hardly in a scientific “ Handbook.”
* “ Micro-fungi, When and Where to Find Them.” By Thomas Brittain, Manchester.
2
18
FUNGI M ACO WANI ANI.
By Rev. C. Kalchbrenner.
C Concluded from Vol. X., p. 147.) HYPODERMEI, De Bary.
Ustilago Dregeana, Tui. Conf. Kornicke Myc. Beitr., p. 26. Montg. Ann. d. Sc. Nat. vir., 1847, p. 176. Thumen in Flora, No. 115.
Sub nom. Ustilago Carbo.
Somerset East, leg. MacOwan, No. 1363. Planta nutrix est Cynodon dactylon L., cujus inflorescentiam, adhuc in vagina latentem, prorsus deformatam, pulvere atro obducit. Sporze minutae ,012-,015 mm. diam., leviter tuberculatae.
Ustilago sacchari, Rabenti. Sitzuugsber. d. Ges. Isis, 1870, iv.
Sporis globosis, laevibus, '015-'018 mm. diam., atrofuscis.
Port Natal, leg. J. M. Wood.
In caulibus et paniculis Sacchari officinalis, praesertim in var. ejus “chinensi.”
Cei. Rabenhorst speciei suae, in Eriantho Ravennae nascenti, sporas tribuis, flavo-fuscas, exasperatas '007-*010 mm. diam.
Ustilago Danthoniae, K.
Sporis globosis '036 mm. diam., granulosis, atro-fuscis.
In spicis Danthoniae papposce , Nees. In summo monte Chumi- berg, prope stationem Missionis evangelicae “ Lovedale ” dictam leg. Rev. T. Buchanan. Haud procul distat Ust. Salveii , Cooke Brit. Fung. n. p. 514 : Sed haec soris linearibus folia modo occu- pat, non vero spicas.
Ustilago Carbo, De C.
In Avenae leg. ad Somerset East, MacOwan, No. 1237. Uromyces Aviculariae (P.) Schrbb. Die Brand, und Rostpiltze Schles.,
p. 8.
II. Fung. stvlosporus= Uredo aviculariae, Alb. et Sch.
In fol. vivis Polygoni avicularis , L., ad Somerset East, No. 1353.
I. et III. desunt.*
Uromyces Rumicum (D.C.) Lev. Ann. d. Sc. Nat. Bot., 1847.
I. ALcidium Rumicis , Gmel. = jEcid. rubellatum , Cooke Brit. Fung.
II. Uredo Rumicum , D.C. Tkum. l.c. 85.
III. Non observatum.
In fol. viv. Rumicis obtusifolii, L. et R. Ecloni Meissn. Somer- set East, No. 1308.
Uromyces microsorus, K. Sf C.
I. (Ignoti).
II. Hypophyllus. Soris minimis, pallidis. Stylosporis globosis brunneis *022-*025 mm. Episporio asperulo.
* No. I. = Fung, hymeniiferus. II. = stilosporiferus. III. = telen- tosporiferus, designatur.
FUNGI M ACO WAN I AN I.
19
III. Soris compactis minimis (in consortio) ochraceis. Teleu- tosporis amygdaliformibus, pallido-fuscis *03 X ,018-,02 mm. ; episporio supra incrassatis.
In foliis ignotis (potius Drupacece).
Closely allied to Uromyces Amygdali , Pass.
Uromyces Valerianae, Fuckel. Symb. Myc., p. 63.
I. sEcidium Valerianacearum , Duby.
II. = Uredo Valerianos , D.C. Thum. l.c. 112.
III. Non obs.
In Valeriana capensi, Tbunb. Som. East in mont. Boschb., No. 1057.
Uromyces Phaseolorum, D.C.
I. AELcidium Leguminosarum, Link., pr. p.
II. Uredo Dolichi , B. et. Br. Fung, of Ceyl., 829 = Caeoma rufum , Bon. ?
Et III.
Som. E. in Dolicho gibboso , Thunb. Port Natal, No. 40.
Uromyces Urgines, Kalch.
I. Sporangiis hypophyllis, paucis, in macula flava congestis, cylindrico-elongatis, apice truncatis, pallide flavis.
II. Soris subamphigenis, sparsis, parvis, aurantiis, plerumque maculae discolori, purpureo- cinctae, insidentibus; sporidiis globosis = Uredo Lepisclinis, Thum. in Flor., No. 81.
III. In iisdem soris sporidia breviter ovata *06-,07 mm. longa, breviter pedicellata, fusca.
Som. East in Helychryso petiolato, D.C., raro.
Uromyces Thwaitesii, B. et Br.
In fol. viv. Sidce rhombifolice. Port Natal, No. 406.
Uromyces Ipomeae, Berkl.
I. = sEcidium Ipomaece, Thum. in Flor., 1878, No. 23 (107).
II. et III. == Uredo aterrima , Thum. l.c. 114.
In fol. viv. et fructibus immaturis Ipomaeae argyrioides Chois. Som. E., No 1225, 1226.
Sporae aberrantes, sed certissime Uromyces. Affinis Urom. sphceropleo , Cke. Species pulcherrima !
Uromyces Geranii, Otth. et Warbm.
I. sEcidium Geranii , Otth. et Wartm = sEc. Pelargonii , Thum. 1 c. 89 ?
II. Uredo Geranii , D.C. Thum. l.c. 113?
III. Non obs.
In fol. vivis Geraniorum. Som. E., No. 1114 et 1154.
Conf. Thum. l.c. 47, 59.
Uromyces Prunorum v. Amygdali, Grevill . vir., p. 12.
II. Sporidia ovata, apiculata. In Pucc. Cerasi , Cda. Uredo- sporae globosae, echinulatae.
In fol. viv. Persicce vulgaris, Mill. Som. E., No. 1104. Ad Bazuja Caffrarice , leg. Rev. Baur, No. 656.
20
FUNGI MACOWANIANI.
Uromyces Fabae ( P .) Schrot. in Hedwigia, 1875. Thum. l.c. n. 30.
II. et III. In. fol. vivis Fabarum hortensium ad Som. E. leg. M.Ow. et Tuck., No. 1056.
Uromyces Junci, Schw.
II. In Junco punctorio , Thunb. ad Klyn Visch. Rivier., No. 1315.
III. Non obs.
Uromyces proeminens, Lev.
I. FEcidium Euphorbia, P. ?
II. et III. Non observati.
Ad fol. viva Euphorb. incequilaterce , Sond., in campis hortisque. Som. E., No. 1247.
Uromyces albucae, K. et C.
II. = Uredo sempertecta , Thum. l.c., No. 60. Soris amphi- genis, sparsis, elevatis, epidermide tectis, demum rima longitudinali apertis ; sporis subglobosis, *022 X *18 mm., episporio incon- spicue punctulato, tenui, dilute flavis.
In fol. viv. Albucce aurece, Jacq., et A. minore, Jacq. Boschberg, No. 1252.
III. Uromyces alliorum , Welwitsch. Fung, angolensis. In Albuca junci folia 7
Ab TJrom. alliorum , Berk, in Welwitsch. Crypt. Lusit. No. 22, diversus.
Uromyces Bulbines, Thum. l.c., No. 79.
II. et III. In fol. viv. Bulbines latifolice, Schult. Somerset E , No. 1019.
Cum Uredine ambigua , D.C., soris oblongis aut linearibus gandente, hand jungendus ; sed ab. Urom. concentrico. Lev., vix distinctus.
Uromyces Betae, Tui.
II. In fol. viv. Betce vulgaris hortorum.
Som. E., No. 1034.
Uromyces Cluytiae, Kalch. et Cke.
II. Soris hypophyllis, majusculis, sparsis, pulvinatis, epider- mide vix colorata, demum rimose dehiscente tectis ; sporis sub- globosis *02 mm. diam., pallide flavo-fuscescentibus.
P. Natal in Cluytice spec., by Wood, No. 52.
III. Soris hypophyllis, solitariis, minutis subpunctiformibus, umbrinis ; sporis ovato oblongis, *04-’045 X '02, episporio granu- lato tuberculato, pulchre ferrugineo, stipite crasso, aequali.
In Cluytia pulchella, ad. Som. E., by M.Owan, No. 1325. Port Natal, by J. M. Wood, No. 51.
Uromyces papillatus, Kalch. et Cke.
II. Uredo Heteromorphce , MacOwan in litt. Soris hypophyllis, irregulariter sparsis, minutis, fulvis, maculae plerumque angustae, flavae insidentibus ; sporis heteromorphis, pallidis, ‘02 X '01 vel *03 x *012 mm., episporio crasso, echinulato.
III. Uromyces heteromorphce, Tliumen (?) l.c. 80. Sporidiis ovatis, *03 x ‘018 mm., pedicellatis, fulvis echinulatis, apice pa-
FUNGI M ACO W ANI AN I.
21
pilla hyalina instructis, et nonnunquam fere rostratis. Haud multum distat ab Urom. apiculata.
In fol. viv. Heteromorphce arbor escentis, Cham, et Schld. in mont. Boschberg, No. 1144 et 1021. In posteriore planta, quam Thu- men pro oculis habuit. Spora immaturae videntur ; et hac de causa, diagnosis ejus a nostra differt.
Uromyces exiospexmi, K. et Cke.
Soris hypophyllis, inter-venas folii parallelas sparsis, bullatis.
II. Sporas subglobosas, *015 mm. diam., echinulatae, flavae.
III. Sporse subpyriformes, *03 x *015-*02, longe pedicellatae.
In JEriospeiTtii sp. Som. E., No. 1402.
C. MICRO-UROMYCES, Schrot.
Uxomyces lugubxis, Kalch.
Soris indefinite confluentibus, liberis, planis, hypophyllis, nigri- cantibus.
III. Sporidia ovata, vix diaphana, *024 x '18 mm., pedicello longo hyalino suffulea, atra.
In planta non-determinata. P. Natal, No. 15.
E. soris illimitate confluentibus folii pagine inferior fere tota quasi fuligine conspurcata apparet.
(Non vidi Cooke.)
Uxomyces Oxalidis, Lev.
I. sEcidium oxalidis , Thum. l.c., No. 40.
In Oxalide purpurata, Jacq. Som. E., No. 1042.
III. In fol. vivis Oxalid. corniculatae , S.
Som. E., No. 1295.
Species dubia, sporis haud evolutis.
In soris adest Darluca filum, Castg.
Uxomyces Folemanniae, Kalch et Cke.
III. Soris epiphyllis, sparsis, apertis, planiusculis, umbrinis ; sporidiis ovalibus '025 X -015 mm. apiculatis, pedicello longo in- structis, fuscis, episporio minute granulato vel reticulato.
In fol. viv. Polemannice grossularicefolice.
E. et F., Somers. E., No. 1030.
Uxomyces Txollipi, K. et M.Orv.
Soris hypophyllis, sparsis, punctiformibus ; sporis subglobosis, brunneis, haud stipitatis ,022-,025 X '02 mm., episporio hyalino, crasso.
In fol. Hypnphylli foetidi, Schrad. ad mont. Kagaberg pr. oppid. Bedford, leg. Stud. Trollip, No. 1404.
Puccinia lycii, K.
II. et III. Soris amphigenis, sparsis vel in maculas congregatis, apertis, planiusculis. Stilosporis sphseroideis, *016 X ’018 mm. flavidis ; teleutosporis ellipticis, utrinque rotundatis, ’03 X '024 mm., opacis, fuscis, epidermide granulata, pedicello asquilongo aut longiore.
Som. E., leg. MacOw., No. 1410. In Lycio tubuloso.
FUNGI M ACO WAN I ANI.
Puccinia granularis, K. et 0.
II. & III. Stilosporis subglobosis, •025-,028 X *02 mm. granu- latis, fuscidulis (= Uredo Pelar gonii, Thum.). Teleutosporis im- mixtis ellipticis, utrinque attenuatis, supra subpapillatis, lacte, brunneis, medio leviter constrictis, laevibus, *04 x *02 mm., pedi- cello brevioribus.
In fol. Pelargonii. P. Natal, 10.
Puccinia menthae, P.
I. iEcidium menthae, D.C.
II. Uredo Menthae, P. (Som. East, No. 1158), cum III.
In fol. vivis Menthae silvestris, L. Som. E., No. 1150. P. Natab No. 112.
Forma, Leonotidis , No. 1330.
Puccinia caricina, D.C.
I. = Mcidium urticae, Schum. et III. non observ.
II. Stilosporae in fol. et bracteis Cyperi marisci , Nees., et Ci/p. tenuijlori , Nees, Som. E., No. 1018. In Carice pendula, No. 1353. Puccinia striaeformis, Westd.
I. =ZEcia. asperifolii , P., et III.
Puccinia straminis, Fuckel, non obs.
II. = Uredo Rubigovera, D.C. Forma, Digitarice sanguinale. Thum. in Flor., 1875, No. 24. In Digit, sanguinali.
Som. E., 1113. In Avena sativa.
Som. E., No. 1237, in gram, ignoto. P. Natal, No. 113. Puccinia coronata, Cda.
I. = ALcidium Rhamni. II. et III. non observ.
In fol. viv. Rhamni prinoides, L’Herit.
Som. E. Boschberg, No. 1279.
Puccinia phragmitis (Schum.) Korn.
II. et III. Ad fol. viv. Phragmitis communis, L., Som. E., in ripis Klyn Visch. Rivier, No. 1316.
Inter stilosporas subglobosa observavi et alias majores, dacryoi- deas, *03 X ’015 mm., episporio laevi. An ad Pucc. Magnusianam, referendae ?
Puccinia maydis, Poetsch.
In fol. Zeae. Som. E., No. 1410.
Absque maculis, a P . purpurea, Cke., distincta.
Puccinia purpurea, Cke. in Grevillea.
II. = Trichobasis purpurea , Cke. II. Pucc. purpurea , Cke. Sporis *04-*045 x *022 mm., in maculis purpureis.
In fol. viv. Zeae. Som. E., No. 1257. P. Natal, No. 229.
Ab Uredine Maydis. Desm. multum distat.
Puccinia sethiopica, K. et Cke.
I. Non observ.
; JfL Sqmsihypophyllis, gregariis, apertis, planiusculis, rufo fuscis. BtVl<yPtM fcphaeroideis, rarius subellipsoideis, *018 X *020 mm., echinulatis, flavis.
III. Soris hypophyllis dense disseminatis, apertis, planis, atro-
FUNGI MAC0WAN1ANI.
23
'024--026 mm. ad septum vix 'constrictis, articulis aequalibus utrinque obtusissimis, fuscis, vix diaphanis ; pedicello hyalino, flexuoso, sporas longitudine superante.
In Stachyde grandifolia et St. cethiopica , E. Mey ad Somerset E., No. 1252. P. Natal, No. 47. In Leonotide ovata L., ad mont. Boschberg, No. 1330.
A Pucc. Stachydis, D.C., differt, soris atro-brunneis, nec fersu- gineis, sporisque robustioribus obscurioribus, pedicello multo lon- giore instructis.
Puccinia gladioli, Castg.
II. In Gladiolo Echioni, Lehm., ad Bazuja, Caffraria, leg. Rev. Baur.
III. Non obs. Thum. l.c., No. 5.
Fuccinia Salviae, Ung.
II. Uredo labiatarum , D.C., pr. pr.
III. Soris epiphyllis, minimis, sparsis ; sporidiis apioe obtusis, basi cuneatis, medio parum constrictis, breviter pedicellatis.
In Salvice sp., ad Port Natal, leg. Wood, No. 27.
Fuccinia Plectranthi, Thum. Flora, 1875, 24, No. 1.
II. et III. In fol. vivus, Plectranthi taxiflora , Berk. Som. E., 1106 et 1136. P. Natal, No. 1 et 5.
Fuccinia I>ychnidearum, Fuckel.
II. Uredo Silenes, Schleditd.
III. Non obs.
In Silene capensi , Ott. Boschberg, No. 1143.
In Dianthi barbato. Som. E., No. 1332.
Thum. l.c., 82.
Fuccinia Pachycarpi, K. et C.
II. Soris amphigenis, sparsis, solitariis vel confluentibus, primum epidermide tectis, pulvinatis, rufo-fuscis. Sporis ovato- globosis •018-,02 mm. ; episporio crasso, ruguloso.
III. Teleutosporae in iisdem soris oblongo-clavatas, medio con- strictse, articulo inferiore in stipitem longissimum angustato, sine stipite *06 mm.
In fol. vivis Pachycarpi qrandiflori , D.C. Som. E., No. 1327. P. Natal, No. 36.
Fuccinia Cephalandrae, Thum. Flora, 1876, No. 27 (111).
II. = Uredo dolichospora, K. olim. Sporidia ovato-oblonga *02 X *045 mm., glabra.
In iisdem cum III. soris.
In fol. viv. Cephalandrae quinquelobce , Schrad., leg. MacOwan., No. 1146.
Fuccinia exhauriens, Thum. Flora, 1876. No. 27.
II. et III. In fol. viv., Jasmini tortuosi , ieg. MacOw., No. 1139. Fuccinia Stoheae, MacOw.
I., II., & III. AZcidium Stobece , K. & C.
Sori hypophylli, subtomento araneoso folii latentes, demum etiam amphigeni sparsi, vel in accroos irregulares confluentes, atrofusci.
24
FUNGI MACOWANIANI.
In II. stilosporae globosae *015-'018 mm., echinulatae.
In III. teleutosporae ellipsoideae, medio leviter constrictae, fuscae, pedicello sporae acquilongo.
In Stobea membrani folia, D.C., et Stob. speciosa , D.C. Som. E., No. 1309. P. Natal, No. 62, 63, 67, 74.
Pace. Ilieracii affinis (Cooke).
Fuccinia carbonacea, K. et C.
II. Soris hypophyllis in acervulos rudes confluentibus, nigrican- tibus ; stilosporis subglobosis '018 mm. flavo-fuscis.
III. Teleutosporis in iisdem soris breviter ovatis *024 x *02 mm., medio constrictis, breviter pedicellatis fuscis. Dissepimen- tum in plerisque ita obsoletum, ut Uromycetem mentiantur.
In Abutili sp. leg. MacOw., 1275. P. Natal, No. 23 et 111. In Sida rhombifolia, 406.
Fuccinia exanthematica, MacOw.
III. Soris hypophyllis, distinctis, maculae latae, disciformi, carneo-purpurei coloris insidentibus, circinantibus, primum auran- tiis demum ochraceis ; sporis cylindricis *024 x ’016 mm., pedi- cello aequilongo, flavidis, exosporio crassiusculo laevi.
In Crassulce sp. Som. E., No. 1242 et 1347.
Pulchram iconem misis Domina Holland ex Port Elizabeth. Fuccinia aecidiiformis, Thura . Flora, 1875, No. 24.
In fol. viv. Nidorellce mespilifolice, D.C. Boschberg, No. 1105.
Fuccinia HXalvaccerum, Montg.
In fol. Althece rosea hortorum et M. parvijlorce , L. Som. E., No. 1117, 1135.
Thum. ho., No. 6, 110.
Fuccinia Momordicse, K. et C.
III. Soris hypophyllis, sparsis, minutis, apertis, brunneis, folio absque macula insidentibus. Teleutosporis ovatis, obtusis, medio haud constrictis *03 X *018 mm., breviter pedicellatis ; laevibus.
In fol. viv. Momordicce cordifolice, Sond. P. Natal, No. 141. Fuccinia Rhynchosiae, K. et C.
II. Uredo ( Trichobasis ) Rhynchosice, K. Soris hypophyllis, segetis regularis instar folii paginam inferiorem occupantibus, punc- tiformibus, rufis ; stilosporis globosis *02 x '022 mm,, fuscidulis.
III. Non obs.
In Rhynchosice sp. P. Natal, No. 29.
Uredo Commelyneae, K.
Soris hypophyllis, in acervulos oblongos congestis, ochraceo- fuscis ; stilosporis variis subglobosis, ovatis pyriformibusv, '021 mm. long, *015 mm. crass., pellucidis, glabris, flavidis.
In Commelynw sp. P. Natal, No. 231.
Uredo Hloreae, K.
Soris epiphyllis, ellipsoideis, rima longitudinali dehiscentibus, epidermide pallide flava cinctis ; stilosporis globosis *018-'02 mm., flavo fuscidulis.
In fol. viv. Morce grandi flor ce, Thunb.Som. E., No. 1065, 1240.
FUNGI MACOWANIANJ.
25
Uredo mixta, Kunz. Thum. l.o., No. 10.
In Salice capensi , Thumb. Som. E., No. 1029.
Uredo Polygalae, K.
Soris hypophyllis sparsis confluentibusve subprominutis, primam epidermide tectis, ochraceis, maculas flavae innatis. Stilosporis ovato-rotundis •Olb-’OIS mm., episporio crasso, laevi, flavidis.
In fol. viv. Polyg. Ohlendorfiance , E. et J. Somers. E., No. 1228.
Facile Pnccinia, teleutosporis ignotis (Cke.).
Uredo Ecteinanthi, K.
Soris hypoph. sparsis, minutis, ochraceis ; stilosporis ovato- rotundalis et irregularibus *03 x '024 mm., flavis, epidermide laevi.
In Ecteinantho prolixa , Nees. Grahamstown, leg. MacOw., No. 1258.
Uredo Fycnostachydis, K.
Soris hypophyllis, sparsis, minutis, prominulis, dilute ochra- ceis ; stilosporis sphaeroideis et difformibus ,02-*003 mm., granu- latis, flavidis.
In Pycnostachyde reticulata, Bk. P. Natal, Inanda, No. 30.
Uredo linearis, Pers.
In gramine indeterm. P. Natal, 113.
Uredo Leguminosarum, Link.
In Leguminosa indeterm. P. Natal, 199.
Uredo Rumicum, D. C.
II. In Rumice indeterm. Port Nat., 115.
I. = AEcidium Rumicis , Hoffm. Thum. l.c., 108, in Rumice Eckloniana Meissn.
Uredo Myrsiphylli, Thum. Flora, 1877, 26.
I. sEcidium Myrsiphylli , K. Sporangiis hypophyllis, maculae flavae insidentibus circinatim congestis, semiimersis, urceolatis, margine subintegro.
II. Stilosporae vid. Thum. l.c.
In Asparago ( Myrsiphyllo ) medioloide, Thunb. P. Natal, No. 209. Som. E., No. 1280.
Uredo Filicum, Kl.
In pinnulis Aspidii capensis, Willd. Som. E., 1025.
Huc fors Caeoma nervisequum , Thum. l.c. 91.
Uredo transversalis, Thum. l.c., No. 62.
In fol. viv. Tritoniae ( Manhretice ) securigerae , Ker. Som. E., No. 1254. In Gladiolo Saundersii , Hook. fil.
Uredo (Lecythea) Ricini, Bernh. Thum. l.c., No. 11.
In fol. vivis Ricini communis. Som. E., No. 1028.
JEcidium ornamentale, K. in Flora, 1876, p. 362, No. 39.
In surculis ramulisque Acaciae horridae, L. Som. E., leg. MacOwan, No. 1044. Species pulcherrima !
JEcidium inornatum, K.
Soris hypophyllis, sparsis, prominulis, vix apertis, pallidis.
In fol. viv. Acaciae horridae, L., cum Ravenelia glabra, K. et C. Somerset East, leg. MacOw., No. 1436.
26
FUNGI M A COWAN IANI.
AZcid. ornamentale , K., ramulos JEi. horridas occupat et detor- quet, folia non tangit. In hac vero specie multo teneriore nec un- quam elongata contrarium accidit.
JEcidium Compositarum, D.C.
In fol. Conyzae ivcefolice , Less. Con. pinnatilobce , D.C. et Con. podocephalce , D.C. Som. E., No. 1318, 1037. P. Natal, No. 18.
sEcid. MacOwanianum, Thum. l.c., No. 12 et 13, vix differre videtur.
JEcidium Senecionum, Desm.
In fol. viv. Senecionis deltoidis , Lev. Sen. quinquelobi , D.C. Som. E., No. 1026, 1033. In Sen . micanoide , Ott. P. Natal, No. 116.
Them, l.c., No. 41, 86, 109.
JEcidium albilabrum, K. Thum. in Flora, 1875, No. 31.
In fol. viv. Alepidece amatymbicce , F. et J., et AI. ciliaris , La Rosch. Som. E., 1053.
JEcidium Crini, K.
Sporangiis hypophyllis, variis amphigenis in maculis olivaceo- fuscis, dimidium pollicom et ultra latis, rotundis vel ellipticis, congestis, ochraceis, profunde urceolatis, margine reflexo, pulveru- lento.
In fol. viv. Crini capensis , Harv. P. Natal, No. 68.
JEcidium Cussoniae, K.
Sporangiis hypophyllis, in macula fuscescente congestis, seini- imersis, concavis, ochraceis, ore subintegro.
In fol. Cussonice spicatae , Thunb. P. Natal, No. 88.
JEcidium Hartwegiae, Thum. l.c , 88.
= AZcid. chlorophyli , MacOw. in litt.
In fol. viv. Chlorophyll (. Hartwegiae ) elati, R. Br. (teste Backer). Som. E., No. 1022.
In circulo iEcidiorum haud raro advest. Phoma, procut dubio Spermogonia iEcidii, Conf. De Bary uber die Brandpilze. Hamaspora longissima ( Thum .), Korn. Myc. Beitr., p. 16.
I. = Uredo lucida , Thum. l.c., 63.
II. Phrugmidium longissimum, Thum. l.c.
In fol. viv. Rubi rigidi, Sond. Som. E., No. 1024. P. Natal, No. 24.
Genus insigne, medium tenens inter Phragmidium et Podisoma. Coleosporium detergibile, Thum. l.c., No. 8.
In fol. viv. Plectronice ( Psilostomce ) ciliatae, Dietr. Som. E., No. 1107.
DIORCHIDIUM, Kalch.
Sporidia didyma, testiculaeformia, basi connata, pedicello com- muni verticaliter insidentia.
Diorchidium Woodii, K. et C.
Soris hypophyllis, sparsis, liberis, planis, atris ; sporidiis binis juxta se positis, ovatis *02-*024 X •OIO-'OIS mm., eximie echinu-
FUNGI MAfJOWANI ANI.
27
latis, brunneis, in pedicello sursum incrassato, quam spora duplo longiore.
In fol. viv. Milletiae caffrce , Meissn. P. Natal, No. 70. (Ob- servante Cookio.)
Yix differt Triphragmium binatum, Berk, in Amer. Acad. Sci. p. 125. “ Sporis fuscis, biccellulosis, spinis emarginatis, asperis,
dissepimento vertieali, membrana exteriore deglubente ” (e Nicara- gua). Sed nomen u STnphragmium Amatum ” contradictionem in adjecto exhibet !
Phragmidium obtusum, Tui.
II. = Uredo Potenti Harum, D.C., conf. Coleosporium ochraceum, Thum. l.c., 9.
III. Non obs.
In fol. viv. Agrimoniae Eupatoriae , L., var. capensi. Som. E.,
No. 1113.
Phragmidium Rosarum, Rbh.
I. et. III. In Rosa centifolia. Som. E., No. 1343.
Cystopus candidus, Lev.
In fol. Brassicae Napce, L., et Cardamines Africanae , L. Som. E., No. 1248, 1287. P. Natal, 199.
Cystopus Portulacae, D.C.
In Portulaca oleracea , L. hortorum. Som. E., No. 1303.
Cystopus Amaranthi, Berk. (?)
= Cyst. Bliti , Thum. l.c., 116. Oogonia desunt, hinc sp. dubia. Conidia ut in C. amaranthi, B.
In fol. Cyathulce lappulacece , Mog. Tand. Som. E., No. 1313.
HYPHOMYCETES.
Ceratium hydnoides, Fr. MacOw., 1050.
Stilbum (?) physarioides, K.
Som. East (MacOwan).
Stilbum fimetarium, P.
In excrementis Hyraeis capensis. MacOw., No. 1178. var. Simiarum. In excrem. Cynocephalorum , MacOw., 1382. Vulgari forma mullo major.
Fusarium roseum, Lk.
Au durren Stengelor von Datura Tatula, L. MacOw., 1068.
Verticillium pulvinulum, K. et C.
In foliis emorientibus Aloes. MacOw., 1170.
Album, hyphis verticillato ramosis, sporis oblongis.
Sporotrichum epiphyllum, Link.
In fol. lriort. Pelar goniorum. MacOw., 1171.
Primo albidum demum caesium.
Dendryphium IUXacOwanianum, Thum. in Flor., 1877, No. 26. MacOw., 1285.
Sporidesmium polymorphum, Cda.
Cape, MacOwan, 1432.
28
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
By M. C. Cooke. CContinued from Vol. x., p. 13 6J
Ord. IV. THELEFHOREZ, Fr.
Gen. 1. Craterellus, Fr. Gen. Hym.
Crat. pusio, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 258.
Tasmania.
Crat. confluens, B Sf Curt. Linn. Journ. ix., 423. Endeavour River.
Gen. 2. Cladoderris, Pers.
Clad, dendritica, Pers. in Freyc. Voy ., 1. 1, f. 4.
Victoria, N. S. Wales.
Clad. Australica, Berk, in Herb.
N. S. Wales.
Pileo umbrino.
Gen. 3. Lachnocladium, Lev.
Lach. furcellatum, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1846, 159. Queensland.
Gen. 4. Thelephora, Ehrb.
Thel. decolorans, Berk. Sf Curt. Linn. Journ. x., 328. Thel. congesta, Berk. Linn. Journ. xvi., 168.
Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Thel. intybacea, Fr. Bym. Fur., 635.
N. S. Wales.
Thel. exsculpta, Berk. Linn. Journ. xvi., 168. Victoria.
Thel. riccioidea, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 258. Tasmania.
Thel. Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm., t. 183, /. 2. Tasmania, Victoria.
Thel. viridis, Berk. FI. Tasm, n., 258.
Tasmania.
Thel. caryophyllea, Fr. Hym. Eur., 634.
W. Australia,
Thel. concrescens, Fr. PL Preiss., 136.
W. Australia.
Thel. lamellata, B.Sf Curt. Sill. Journ., 1851,95. Queensland.
Thel. myriomera, Fr. PI. Preiss., 137.
W. Australia.
Thel. pedicellata, Schivz. Syn. Car., 108. Queensland.
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
29
Gen. 5. Stereum. Fries.
Stexeum capexatum, B. <Sf Mont. Syll., 175.
Daintree River, N. S. Wales, Lord Howe’s Island.
Stexeum elegans, Fr. Epic. 545.
Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Stexeum Thozetii, Berk. Linn. Journ. xvill., 385.
Queensland, IS. W. Australia, Victoria.
Stexeum nitidulum, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 638.
Queensland, Endeavour River.
Stexeum lobatum, Kze. in Fr. Epic., 347.
Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland, New Guinea.
Stexeum Boxyanum, Fr. Epic., 547.
Queensland, Daintree River.
Stexeum Sowexbeyi, Berk. Fr. Hym. Eur., 633.
N. S. Wales, Tasmania, Victoria.
Stexeum vexsicolox, Fr. Epic., 547.
Victoria.
Stexeum semilugens, Kalch. Qrevillea IX., p. 1.
Queensland.
Stexeum luteobadium, Fr. Epic., 547.
N. S. Wales.
Stexeum stxiatum Fr. Hym. Eur.. 641.
K S. Wales.
Stexeum pxolificans, Berk, (ined.)
N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Stexeum hixsutum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 639.
W. Australia, S. Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Stexeum spadiceum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 640.
Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales. Queensland.
Stexeum puxpuxeum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 639.
W. Australia, S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania.
Stexeum xadiato-fissum, B. Sf Br. Linn. Trans, (ined.)
Queensland.
Stexeum Schombuxgkii, Berk. Linn. Journ., xvi., 168.
JSI. Australia, Queensland.
Stexeum illudens, Berk. (=S. decipiens, B.) Hook. Journ., 1845.
Victoria, N. Australia, W. Australia, S. Australia, Tasmania, N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Stexeum vittsefoxme, Fl. Fr. Preiss., 137.
W. Australia.
Stexeum spongisepes, B.&Br. Linn. Journ. xv in., 385.
IllaWarra.
Stexeum Ostxea, Fees. Fr, Nova. Sym., 93.
Queensland.
Stexeum confusum, Berk, (ined.)
W. Australia.
Stexeum vellexeum, Berk. Fl.N. Zeal. IL, 183.
Victoria.
30
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
Stereum sulfureum, Fr. Qide Berk, in Greo. i., 164;. Queensland.
Stereum concolor, Berk. FI. Tasm. n. 259.
Tasmania.
Stereum acerinum, Jr. Syst. Myc. I., 453.
Tasmania.
Stereum umbrinum, Fr. FI. Priess, 137.
W. Australia.
Stereum rugosum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 643.
Clarence River.
Gen. 6. Auricularia, Bull.
Auricularia albicans, Berk. Linn. Juurn. xm., 170. Queensland.
Auricularia minuta, Berk. Hook. Journ.
W. Australia, Tasmania.
Auricularia pusio, Berk, in Linn. Journ. xVn., p. 386. Queensland.
Auricularia lobata, Fr. Hym. Eur., 646.
Queensland.
Auricularia mesenterica, Fr. Hym. Eur., 646. Queensland.
Gen. 7. Dictyonema. Bl. 8$ N.
Dictyonema aeruginosum, Nees Acta. Ar. Cur. xm., t. 2. Queensland, Daintree River.
Gen. 8. Hymenoch^ete, Lev.
Hym. strigosa, B.SfBr. Linn. Journ. * iv., 68.
Hym. rubiginosa, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1846, 151.
W. Australia, Tasmania.
Hym. phaea, Berk. Grevillea, VIII .,p. 146.
Hym. cacao, Berk. Linn. Journ. x., 333.
Queensland.
Hym. tenuissima, B. A By. Linn. Journ. X., 333. Queensland.
Hym. Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm., n., 259.
Tasmania.
Hym. vinosa, Berk. Grevillea vm., 149.
W. Australia.
Hym. Mougeotii, Fr. Hym. Eur., 654.
Tasmania.
Hym. crassa, Lev. Grevillea vm., 148.
Gen. 9. Peniophora, Che,
Pen. papyrina (Monti) Cke. Grevillea yin., 20. Victoria.
Pen. tephra (B. $ C). Cke. Grevillea xm., 20.
S. Australia.
Pen. deglubens ( B .). Linn. Journ. XV in., 385.
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
31
Pen. sparsa (i?.). Cke. Qrevilleav ill., 21. Queensland.
Gen. 10. Corticium, Fr .
Cort. caeruleum, Fr. Hym. Ear., 651.
N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Cort. Auberianum, B. fy Mont. Cuba, 372.
Victoria.
Cort. arachnoideum, Berk. Fr. Hym. Eur., 649.
8. Australia, Tasmania.
Cort. laeve, Fr. Hym. Eur., 649.
Tasmania, Queensland.
Cort. roseum, Per s. Fr. Hym. Ear., 650.
Tasmania.
Cort. sulfur eum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 650.
Tasmania.
Cort. cretaceum, Fr. Ej?. 566.
Tasmania.
Cort. luteo-cinctum, Berk. Linn. Journ,, XVI., 168. V ictoria.
Cort. Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 260.
Tasmania.
Cort. olivaceum, Fr. Hym. Ear., 660.
Queensland.
Cort. nudum, Fr. Hym. Ear., 655.
Queensland.
Cort. radicale, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 59.
W. Australia.
Cort. incarnatum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 654.
W. Australia, Queensland.
Cort. comedens, Fr. Hym. Eur., 656.
W. Australia.
Cort. miniatum, Cke. Grevillea ix. p. 2.
N. 8. Wales, Queensland.
Cort. murinum, i?. # Br. Linn. Journ. XIV. ,70. Victoria.
Cort. anthochroum, Fr. Hym. Far., 661.
Cort. ochroleucum, Fr. Epic., 557.
Tasmania.
Gen. 11. Hypochnus, Fr.
Hypoch. rubro-cinctus, Ehr. Hor. Phys., 85. Queensland.
Gen. 12. Cyphella, Fr.
Cyphella muscigena, Fr. Hym. Eur., 663. Victoria, Tasmania.
32
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
Cyphella Curreyi, B „ S( Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 935. Victoria.
Cyphella capula, Fr. Hym. Eur., 664*.
Tasmania.
Gen. 13. Solenia, Hoffm.
Solenia ochracea, Fr. Hym. Eur., 596.
Tasmania.
Ord. V. CLAVARIEI.
Gen. 1. Clavaria, Linn.
Clavaria botrytis, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 667.
W. Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, N. S. Wales. Clavaria flava, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 666.
Victoria, N. S. Wales.
Clavaria abietina, Sehum. Fr. Hym. Eur., 671. Victoria.
Clavaria crispula, Fr. Hym. Eur., 673.
W. Australia.
Clavaria lorithamnus, Berk. Linn. Journ.,x ill., 169. Victoria.
Clavaria rugosa, Bull. Fr. Hym. Eur., 669. Queensland.
Clavaria inaequalis, Mull. Fr. Hym. Eur., 674.
Tasmania, Victoria, N. S. Wales.
Clavaria argillacea, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 675.
Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Clavaria paludicola, Lib. Exs. Ard., No. 522.
S. Australia.
Clavaria setulosa, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 60.
W. Australia.
Clavaria juncea, Fr. Hym. Eur., 667.
Victoria, Tasmania.
Clavaria pyxidata, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 669.
N. S. Wales.
Clavaria formosa, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 670.
Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Clavaria aurea? Sc/iff. Fr. Hym. Eur., 670.
N. S. Wales.
Clavaria stricta, Pers. Fr.Hym. Eur., 673. Queensland.
Clavaria cristata, Pers. Ir. Hym. Eur., 668. Tasmania.
Clavaria lutea, Vent., t. 41,/. 4.
Tasmania.
Clavaria Archeri, Berk. LT,. Tasm.u., 261, t. 183,/. 3. Tasmania.
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI,
33
Clavaria rhizomorpha, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 261, t. 183, f. 4.
Tasmania.
Clavaria plebeja, Fr. PI. Preiss ., 137.
W. Australia.
Clavaria laetissima, Fers. Linn. Journ. xviii., 386.
S. Queensland.
Clavaria Kunzei, Fr. Hym. Fur., 669.
Trinity Bay, Mount Dryander, Daintree River.
Clavaria muscoides, Fr. Eym. Eur., 667.
Paramatta.
Clavaria fastigiata, Linn. Fr. Hym. Eur., 667.
N. S. Wales.
Clavaria coralloides, Linn. Fr. Hym. Fur., 668.
Victoria.
Gen. 2. Calocera, Fr.
Calocera guepinioides, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 61.
W. Australia, S. Australia, Tasmania.
Calocera glossoides, Fr. Hym. Eur., 681.
Victoria.
Calocera cornea, Fr. Hym. Eur. 680.
Victoria.
Calocera stricta, Fr. Hym. Eur., 680.
Gipps Land.
Ord. VI. TREMELLINI.
Gen. 1. Tremella, Dill.
Tremella lutescens, Fr. Hym. Eur., 690.
S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales.
Tremella mesenterica, Betz. Fr. Hym. Eur., 690.
W. Australia, Victoria, Queensland, S. Australia.
Tremella frondosa, Fr. Hym. Eur., 690.
Tasmania.
Tremella foliacea, Pers. Fr. Hym. Eur., 690.
W. Australia, Tasmania- Tremella albida, Huds. Fr. Hym. Eur., 691.
Tasmania, N. S. Wales.
Tremella olens, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 262, t. 183, f. 5.
Tasmania.
Tremella viscosa, Berk. Fr. Hym. Eur., 691.
Tasmania.
Gen. 2. Exidia, Fries.
Exidia glandulosa, Fr. Hym. Eur., 694.
W. Australia, Tasmania.
Gen. 3. Hirneola, Fr.
Hirneola polytricha, Fr. Fung. Nat., 27.
S. Australia, N. W. Wales, Queensland, Chatham Island, Lord Howe’s Island, Tropical Australia.
Hirneola hispidula, Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist, ill., 393.
Victoria.
3
u
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
Hirneola auricula- Judaae, Fr. Hym. Eur., 695.
Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales.
Hirneola vitellina, Fr. Fungi Nat., 27.
Tasmania.
Hirneola rufa, Fr. Fungi Nat., 27.
Queensland.
Hirneola Lesueurii, Mont. (Auricularia Lesueurii, Bory.).
Queensland (j=H. auricula Judace).
Hirneola fusco-succinea, Mont. Syll., 182.
S. W. Australia, Clarence River.
Gen. 4. Guepinia, Fries.
Guepinia spathularia, Fr. Elen, n., 32.
N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Guepinia pezizaeformis, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 60.
W. Australia, Tasmania, Queensland.
Gen. 5. Dacrymyces, Nees.
Dacryxnyces rubro-fuscus, Berk. Hook. Journ., 1845, 61.
W. Australia.
Dacrymyces deliquescens, Duby. Fr. Hym. Eur., 698. Tasmania.
Dacrymyces miltinus, Berk. FI. Tasm. n„ 363, 1. 183, /. 7. Tasmania.
Dacrymyces sclerotioides, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 263, t. 183, /. 8.
Tasmania.
Dacrymyces seriatus, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 263.
Tasmania.
Gen. 6. Sebacina, Tul.
Sebacina incrustans, Tul. Linn. Journ. XIII., 37.
Tasmania.
SACCARDO’S SYLLOGE FUNGORUM.*
The first volume is just published of this work, which promises to be a most valuable and indispensable one for the Mycologist. The want of some synopsis of all described species has long been felt, and at last Professor Saccardo has undertaken the Herculasan task. This volume consists of 766 pages, and includes the descriptions, in Latin, of 2,849 species of Pyrenomycetes, which are estimated to be about half of the entire number. The second volume is promised during next year. As far as we have yet been enabled to test it, the compilation appears to have been carefully and con- scientiously performed. We are glad to see that incomplete diagnoses, and doubtful species also find a place in appendices, so that a degree of completeness is attained which would not have been consistent with their exclusion. We are also gratified to find that the reduction of species has not been indulged in so much as
* Sylloge Fungorum, omnium hucusque cognitorum. P. A. Saccardo, “Pyrenomycetes,” vol. i,, (Padua).
SUCCARDO’S SYLLOGE FUNGORUM.
OK 60
we had feared might be the case. We do not suppose that Pro- fessor Saccardo has equal faith in all the species that he has intro- duced, but it is well that he has not excluded all those which he held in doubt, but left this to the judgment of those who might use his volumes. The great desideratum was to bring all the scattered species together into one work for ready reference, this having been done, we do not feel justified in criticising too rigidly the classification adopted, although it is more artificial than we should have liked.
The Perisporiacese, and the first part of the Sphaeriaceae, are in- cluded in the volume before us, and to this we shall hereafter re- turn to offer some observations on the details, which time and space does not permit us to enter upon now.
The “ getting up ” leaves nothing to be desired, as the type is clear and legible, and the descriptions are numbered on one side consecutively in each genus, and on the other side consecutively through the work, so that reference and quotation is rendered easy. It is to be hoped that an exhaustive Index will accompany the next volume, as the absence of such an Index is the greatest, and almost only practical deficiency in the first volume. We heartily wish the learned Professor health, patience, and per- severance to bring his labours in due time to a close.
M. C. Cooke.
THE PERISPORIACEiE OF SACCARDO’S SYLLOGE FUNGORUM.
It is worthy of note that the artificial arrangement, according to the spores, is not adopted by Saccardo in the Perisporiacece, or, at least, in a very subsidiary manner. This seems to indicate a manifest admission of the defect of the system, or that the originator had no faith in his own doctrine. This proposed system has been vauntingly termed a “ carpological arrangement,” but this is evidently a false application of terms, since it is only “ spermological,” which is a very different thing from “carpolo- gical.” If it had been carpological it would have taken into account the entire fructification, and not the seeds, ovules, or spores alone. It cannot be contested that a system, such as that adopted for the Sphaeriaceae is artificial , pure and simple, equivalent to the old Linnean system of counting the stamens. Hence, it is a reversion from the natural arrangement proposed by Fries, and is analogous to going back to the Linnean system. There can be but one opinion now a days that the Natural system is an advance upon the Artificial — as applied to the Phanerogamia. It must be proved that the natural system cannot be applied to Cryto- gamia or, if not, we are fully entitled to protest against going backwards in classification. Of course it will be expected that a new system will obtain adherents, because love of novelty will ensure that, but, to suppose that it will be permanent , will argue all lack of faith in the progress of the human mind. Inasmuch as
36 THE PERISPORIACECE OF SACCARDO’S SYLLOGE FUNGORUM.
children and uncultured or deficient intellects prefer counting stamens to any more elaborate method for the determination of flowering plants, so will they accept the counting of septa as the perfection of simplicity.
As already intimated, the Perisporiacece are not absolutely spermologically classified, and therefore, generally, we take no exception to the first 87 pages of Professor Saccardo’s “ Sylloge.” There are, nevertheless, a few minute details to which we will advert for the purpose of revision. In the Erysiphei , the arrange- ment is that of Leveille, with one or two additional genera, which in two instances are not desirable. Erysiphella, which only professes to differ from Erysiphe in the absence of definite appendages, whereas this is only a fanciful difference, since in many of the species of Erysiphe the interwoven threads of the perithecia defy distinction into mycelium and appendages. There is no real difference in this respect between so-called Erysiphella and some species called Eiysiphe. We should be glad to know how the coloured appendages of Erysiphe lamprocai'pa are to be distin- guished from the mycelioid filaments of the perithecia. Leveille himself says “ il faut de grandes precautions pour separer les appendicules.” The other genus to which we allude is Pleochceta. The typical species is Uncinula polychceta , Berk, and Curt. The difference indicated between this genus and Uncinula is that the appendages are straight in the former, and curved at the tops in the latter, with a slight variation in the form of the asci. W e are prepared to admit that the diagnosis of the genus Pleochcete presents a distinct difference, and that a species with straight appendages is not in its place if included in Uncinula , where the tips, in all the species are curved. But Uncinula polychceta , Berk & Curt, is a true Uncinula, with numerous appendages, curled at the tips, just as in U. adunca, except that they are thickened upwards, so as to be clavate. The specimens in the Berkeley Herbarium are accompanied by a drawing, exhibiting these features which have been confirmed by examination. The Uncinula polychceta , Berk & Curt, is a true Uncinula, and there- fore it was an error to adopt it as the type of a genus with straight appendages. The description of Erysiphe polychceta, B. & C. (No. 990) is quite different, and so are the specimens. The perithecia are much larger, and are seated upon dense orbicular spots of matted mycelium. The appendages are far more numerous than in Uncinula polychceta, and hence there is no reason to suppose that the Erysiphe is a condition of the Uncinula. Therefore the cardinal error has been the assumption that the two species are identical, which has introduced an element of confusion. Uncinula polychceta, B. & C. will have to remain as a separate species, and if there is any good basis for Pleochceta, as a genus, then the Uncinula must be expunged from its synonyms.
Whilst on the subject of genera, we cannot see how in a natural arrangement, Sporoi'inia could possibly be far removed from Peris- porium, but we can find no mention of it in Perisporiacece , after t'accardo.
THE PERISP0RIACEA2 OF SACCARDO’s SYLLOGE FUNGORUM. 37
Further notes will be made in the order of species —
Page 11. Microsphcera semitonsa , B. & C., should have been Microsphcera semitosta, B. & C.
Page 19. Erysiphe Martii, Lev., occurs on Populus ciliata at Simla, in N.W. India, or at least a form which does not appear to be specifically distinct.
Page 21. Erysiphe chelones, Schwz.
Erysiphe phlogis , Schwz.
Neither of these can be separated from E. lamprocarpa.
Page 37. Ascotricha is so closely related to Chcetomium that we cannot see grounds for their separation, except the exigencies of an artificial system.
Page 40. The large genus Asterina should properly be confined to species with flattened or depressed perithecia ; hence some of the species now included will have to be transferred to Dimerosporium , such for instance as No. 35, Asterina conglobata , B. & C. ; No. 50, Asterina congregata, B. & C. ; Asterina myriadea, Cke. (appendix, p. 761); and most probably A sterina melioloides, B. & C. (No. 34), hereafter alluded to.
Page 45. Asterina bullata , B. & C. (hlo. 192), is repeated at page 51 (No. 230).
Page 46. Asterina melioloides, B. & C. (No. 195), is the same species as was described under Meliola Baccharidis, B. & C. (No. 238). By some error the same thing was twice described under different names, but only one species was intended.
Asterina exasperans , B. & C; ( Phacidium exasperans, Schwz.), on leaves of Kalmia. This species is omitted. The perithecia are flattened, attached by a radiating brown mycelium, but authentic specimens are so old that the asci and sporidia appear to be diffused.
Page 50. Asterina punctifomiis , Lev. In our specimen from Leveille — 11 Asci clavate, sporidia continuous hyaline, minute.”
Page 51. Asterina Azarrce, Lev. Asci ovate, sporidia elliptic, continuous, most probably becoming septate, *018 x *008 mm.
Page 53. Dimerosporium MacOwanianum , Sacc. (No. 240), a re- petition of Asterina MacOwaniana , K. & C. (No. 169), and a good Asterina.
Dimerosporium mangiferum, Sacc. (23 6), is repeated at p. 77, as Capnodium mangiferum, C. & B. (No. 340).
Dimerosporium molle (B. & Br.), Sacc. (No/ 237), has the ap- pendages of a Meliola.
Page 61. Meliola capnodioides, Thum. (No. 278), is Meliola amphitricha , Fr. ; inaccurately described according to authentic specimens.
Meliola nidulans ( Schw .) Clce., is omitted. This is the Sphceria nidulans of Schweinitz, but a most distinct and decided Meliola. Asci pyriform, 2-4 spored, sporidia *05 x *018 mm., brown, quadri- septate, constricted, rounded at the ends.
Meliola hidentata, Che. in Rav. Fungi Amer. (No. 128). Perithecia globose (*15 mm.), appendages few, erect, bidentate at the tips. Asci saccate, sporidia *045 X *018 mm., slightly constricted,
38 THE PERISPORIACEjE of saccardo’s sylloge fungorum.
rounded at the ends, brown ; usually two in each ascus. On leaves of Bignonia. Florida.
Page 63. Meliola glabra , B. & C.
There are four specimens in the Berkeley Herbarium, of which three are on Rubiacece, and one, apparently, on palm ; the latter is probably M. palmarum, Kze., and the former the true M. glabra. The name is, however, misleading, since the perithecia have each cell prolonged into a conical wart, so that by their verrucose ap- pearance these may be readily distinguished from the perithecia of any other described species.
Page 69. Meliola quinquespora , Thum. (No. 309).
We doubt the existence of any species corresponding to this description.
Meliola abietis , Sacc. (Apiosporium abietis, Ckei), 308. This is certainly not a Meliola , with which it has nothing in common. It is a victim to an artificial system. Although in all other respects it agrees with Apiosporium, it has not the requisite septum.
Page 70. Meliola triseptata, B. & Br. (No. 313). Further ex- amination of authentic specimens has convinced me that the opinion furnished to Professor Saccardo was inaccurate, and that the sporidia are not as in M. amphitricha, but triseptate, *035 x *012 mm., constricted, brown, rounded at the ends.
Page 71. Meliola seminata, B. & C. (No. 317). To this descrip- tion should be added “ Asci saccate, sporidia quadriseptate, brown.”
To these may be added —
Meliola octospoxa, Cooke.
Spots orbicular, rather small, velvety, perithecia of medium size, appendages erect, twice or three times dichotomous above (as in M. mollis , B. & C.). Asci large, saccate, usually with 8 spores, sporidia triseptate, strongly constricted, brown. *045 X *018 mm. On leaves. Mauritius.
Astexina oleina, Cooke in Rav. Fungi Amer. (No. 757). Scattered, punctiform ; perithecia flattened, discoid, with a radi- ating brown mycelium at the margin, minute, asci clavate, sporidia hyaline, small, uniseptate (immature ?). Pycnidia similar, but smaller, stylospores minute, oval, hyaline, '005 mm. long.
On leaves of Olea Americana. Georgia, U.S.
The foregoing suggestions are not made in any captious spirit, since the majority are the result of examinations of authentic specimens, to which Saccardo had no access. They are offered with the desire that they may be of some service as “ emendata.”
M. C. Cooke.
BRITISH FRESH-WATER ALGiE.
The subscription list to this work has been some time closed , and nearly all the copies of the parts already published are dis- posed of, with the exception of a limited number retained for the complete volume. This announcement is made to prevent corres- pondence, as we receive numerous applications. Unfortunately
BRITISH FRESH-WATER ALGJ3.
39
we had no data on which to assume the probable demand, and hence a smaller number were printed than desirable, so that there is every probability that the parts will soon be out of print. W e have no inclination to reprint the letter press, or reproduce the plates, so that anyone desiring to secure a copy should not delay, or they may be disappointed.
M. C. Cooke.
FUNGI OF SOCOTRA.
Stexeum xetixugum, Cooke.
Coriaceo-membranaceum, murinum ; pileo effuso, e cupulari ex- planato, marginato; ambitu pallide fimbriato; hymenio sub- velutino, reticulato-venoso, murinaceo.
Ad ramos. Socotra ( Balfour ).
Trametes Socotxana, Qooke.
Pileo sessili, semi-orbiculari, tenui, coriaceo, zonato-sulcato, velutino, albo ; contextu concolore ; poris magnis, dentatis, demum confluentibus, umbrinis.
Ad truncos. Socotra {Balfour).
Proceedings Boyal Society , Edinburgh, vol. xi. 1882.
THREE NEW INDIAN FUNGI.
By the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, F.R.S.
Hygxophoxus Hobsoni, B.
Pileo conico eximie umbonato glabro pallido ; velo conspicuo appendiculato ; stipite sursum incrassato ; lamellis angustis pallidis ascendentibus.
Pileus about 1 inch in diameter, J f high ; stem 2\ inches high, 2 lines thick above.
Communicated by General Hobson, who gathered the specimen in Central India.
Dictyophoxa nana, B.
Gregaria glandiformis, capite conico expanso ; reticulo ad basin stipitis brevis extenso ; volva fusca.
Andaman Isles, Lieut.-Col. E. S. Berkeley. Differing from all published species in its dwarf gregarious habit.
Tilmadoche cavipes, B.
Mycelio reticulato candido ; peridiis junioribus carneis, senioribus lateritio- effractis pulveraceis globosis, stipitibus candidis basi in- crassatis gossypinis cavis ; sporis atropurpureis globosis levibus ; capillitio parco flavo.
On leaves of different species of Phakenopsis. Andaman Isles, Lieut.-Col. E. S. Berkley, 1882.
The filmy reticulate mycelium at length disappears, and the peridia are scattered, looking at first sight from their white stems
40
THREE NEW INDIAN FUNGI.
like Diachcea. The species is altogether distinct from T, lateritia , Lev. The dust of the peridia consists of irregular fragments of a bright orange-red.
CRYPTOGRAMIC LITERATURE.
Fries, E. leones Hymenomy cetum, vol. ii., part 7, 8.
Cooke, M. C. Illustrations of Fungi, part 9, 10.
Dickie, Dr. G. Notes on Algse from the Himalayas, in “ Journ. Linn. Soc.,” No. 120, June, 1882.
Brittain, T. Micro-fungi, when and where to find them. Ellis, J. B. New North American Fungi, in “ Bull. Torr. Bot. Club/’ June, 1882 ; Aug., 1882.
Peck, C. H. New species of Fungi, in “ Bull. Torr. Bot. Club,” May, 1882.
Farlow, W. G. Notes on New England Algse, in “ Bull. Torr. Bot. Club,” May, 1882.
Collins, F. S. Notes on New England Algse, in “ Bull. Ton*. Bot. Club,” May, 1882.
Just, Prof. Botanischer Jahresbericht (1878), pt. 3. Ascherson, P. Speisetriiffeln. im N. E. Deutschland.
Arnold, Dr. F. Lichenologische Fragmente, xxvi., in “ Flora,” 11, April, 1882.
Rostafinski, J. On Hydrunis (Krakow, 1882).
Winter, Dr, G. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora, Pilze, part 7.
Rehm, Dr. Ascomyceten, fasc. xiii.
Pearson, W. H. On Radula germana , in “Journ. Bot.,” Aug., 1882.
Roumeguere, C. Revue mycologique, July, 1882.
Winter, Dr. Geo. Hedwigia, Nos. 5 and 6, 1882. Lagerheim, G. Protococcacese, Pediastrese, and Palmellaceae of Stockholm.
Jatta, A. Licheni Africani, in “ Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” July, 1882.
Mattibolo, G. On the Sclerotium of Peziza Sclerotiorum, in “ Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” July, 1882.
Crisp, F., and others. Brief notices in “ Monthly Micro- scopical Journal.”
Saccardo, P. A. “ Sylloge Fungorum,” vol. 1, “ Pyrenomy- cetes,” part 1.
Cooke, M. C. Fresh Water Algse, part 3, Zygnemaceae. Bresadola. Fungi Tridentini, No. 2.
Cooke, M. C. and English, J. List of Hymenomycetal Fungi of Epping Forest ; in “ Trans. Essex Nat. Field Club. Yol. ii., part 6.
Ravenel’s Fungi Americana Exsic. Cent, vii, viii.
No. 58.]
[December, 1882.
A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY AND ITS LITERATURE.
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
By Charles B. Plowright.
With Illustrations of all Species, by Dr. M. C. Cooke, M.A., A.L.S.
( Continued from p. 8.J
3. Hypomyces lateritius, Tul. Conidia minute, sphasrical, colourless, *0035 to *007 mm. in diameter ; borne upon awl-shaped filaments, produced by the thick web-like mycelium.
Perithecia minute, ovato-globose, nestling in the white abundant mycelium ; apex smooth and slightly papillate, emergent.
Asci cylindrical, scarcely attenuated below ; *2 to *25 mm. long by -006 to -007 mm. wide.
Sporiaia eight ; uniseriate, uniseptate, acuminate, lanceolate, hyaline ; *015 to *02 mm. long by *0035 to *0045 mm. wide.
Hypomyces lateritius, Tulasne. Sel. Fung. Carp, hi., p. 62, and
ii., p. 273, t. 30, f. 5.
„ Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. iv. 1860, p.
11.
,, „ Fuckel Symb. Mycol., p. 182.
„ „ Karsten Myc. Fenn. n., p. 211.
„ „ Cooke Handbk., p. 779.
,, ,, Saccardo. Mich, p, 285.
„ ,, Plow. Exs, i. No. 5.
„ „ Stevenson Myc. Scot., p. 359.
Merulius helvelloides. Sow., t. 402.
Hypolyssus ventricosus. Pers. Myc. Eur. n., p. 7.
Agaric delicieux, var. denaturee. Secret. Myc. Helv. i., p. 567. Lapacendro infarinato. Venturi Stud. Myc., p. 40, t. 13, f. 122
123.
Sphseria lateritia. Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 338.
„ „ Fries Elench. n., p. 66.
,, ,, Moug. and Nest. fasc. xiv., No. 1334.
„ „ Currey Linn. Trans. (1858), p. 267, t. 46, f.
47.
„ „ Kunze. Myc Heft, n., p. 42.
,, ,, Berk. Eng. FI. v., pt. n., p. 238.
4
42
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH IIYPOMYCES.
Hypocrea lateritia. Fries Sum. Veg. Sc., p. 383. j, „ Mazer. PI. Cryp. Gall, xvi., 776.
„ „ Berk. Outlines, p. 383.
On the hymenium of Lactarius deliciosus. Whitfield and Merry- hill Common, near Hereford, 1874; Coed Coch, Oct., 1880.
This is quite distinct from Hypomyces torminosus , with which it seems to be confounded by some Continental fungologists. It is thicker, more fleshy, and, especially in the earlier stages, frosted over with white meal.
Plate 148 A. a. Lactarius deliciosus with its Hypomyces. Nat. size.
b. Perithecia enlarged.
c. Perithecium x 140.
d. Asci and sporidia X 400.
e. Sporidia X 800.
4. Hypomyces toxminosus, Tul. Perithecia small, spherical, depressed, honey-coloured, papillate, papilla darker; -24 mm. in diameter ; produced amongst the floccose subiculum, which varies in amount and colour.
Asci elongate, cylindrical ; *112 mm. long by ’006 to *007 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight, uniseriate, uniseptate, lanceolate, acuminate, very pale yellow ; *018 to *02 mm. long, by *004 to *0045 mm. wide.
Hypomyces torminosus. Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp, hi., p. 40.
„ „ Cooke Hdbk., p. 779.
„ „ Plow. Sph. Brit, n., No. 4.
Nectria torminosa. Mont. Syll., p. 225, No. 788.
Hypocrea floccosa. Fries Sum. Veg. Sc., p. 564.
„ ,, Berk, and Br. Ann. N. H., No. 593.
„ „ Berk. Outl., p. 383.
On the hymenium of Lactarius torminosus. Kings Cliffe, M. J. B. ; Dinmore Hill, Oct., 1874, 1878, C. B. P.
At first forming a thin white floccose web upon the gills of the Lactarius, which gradually becomes pale yellow, then honey- coloured, and eventually, when the specimen dries, assuming a chocolate-brown hue.
Plate 148 B. a. Lactarius torminosus with its Hypomyces. Nat. size.
b. Perithecia X 20.
c. Perithecium X 140.
e. Asci and sporidia X 400.
f. Free sporidia X 800.
5. Hypomyces xosellus, Tul. Conidia : Flocci aggregate, branched, white, branchlets numerous, 3-6, verticellate, bearing terminal conidia, which are hyaline, cylindrico-oblong, obtuse ; 2 or more, usually 3, septate ; ’025 to ’035 mm. long by *01 to *013 mm. wide.
Perithecia gregarious, emerging from a thin subiculum of an open texture, which is at first white, then rose-coloured ; spheroid-
PL. 148.
GREVILLEA
a. Hypomyces lateritius.
b. Hypomyces torminosus.
..rf
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
43
ovoid, with an obtuse or acute papilla ; deep rose-red, variable in size.
Asci narrow, linear ; *15 mm. long by *0065 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight ; uniseriate, narrowly lanceolate ; apiculate at both ends, straight or curved, nucleate or spuriously 1-3 septate, often subunequilateral, hyaline; *022 to ‘037 mm. long by *005 to *007 mm. wide.
Hypomyces rosellus. Tulasne Sel. Fung. Carp, n., p. 273, t. 30, f. 6-9; hi., p. 45, t. 5 and t. 6, f. 1-18.
„ „ Ann. Sc. Nat., 1860, p. 12.
„ „ Karsten Myc. Fenn. n., p. 208.
„ „ Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.
„ ,, Stevenson Myc. Scot., p. 359.
„ „ Cooke Handbk., p. 778, in part.
„ „ Plow. Sph. Brit, hi., No. 4.
Conidia :
Trichothecium agaricinum. Bonord, t. 5, f. 114.
„ candidum. Bonord, t. 8, f. 167.
Dactylium dendroides. Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 441.
Fries Sum. Veg. Sc., p. 491.
Berk. Eng. Flor. v., pt. 2, p. 345. Berk. Outlines, p. 351.
Cooke Hdbk., p. 778.
Cooke Quek. Journ., 1870, t. 4.
Pers. Syn., p. 18.
Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 338.
Alb. & Schw., p. 38, t. 7, f. 3.
Fries Sys. Myc. m., p. 441.
Nees., p. 318, t. 44, f. 362.
Grev., Crypt. FI. t. 138.
Currey Linn. Trans, xxn., p. 314, t. 57, f. 3. Berk. & Broome Ann. N. H. No., 971, t. 17, f. 24a.
Cooke Hdbk., p. 784.
Nectria rosella. Fries Sum. Yeg. Sc., p. 388.
„ „ Berk. Outlines, p. 393.
Hypomyces roseus. Fuckel Sym. Myc., p. 182.
„ „ Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.
Upon various decaying fungi, Stereum hirsutum most frequently, and upon the ground near where fungi have decayed.
There are two varieties of this species, one with larger, pointed perithecia, as figured by Greville and by Albertini and Schweinitz ; the other with smaller and more obtuse perithecia. The sporidia vary a good deal in size, as does the colour of the subiculum, which is sometimes nearly absent. Sometimes it is almost white, but mostly rose-coloured, with a whitish circumference. Fuckel’s H. roseus does not seem to differ from the type species except in the
Ascophore Sphseria rosea.
» . ” Sphseria rosella.
>5 »
Nectria Albertini.
44
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
size of the sporidia. This species is totally distinct from the species pointed out by Messrs. Berkeley and Broome in the “ Annals of Natural History,” No. 971# and described in this monograph as Hypomyces Berkleyanus.
Plate 149 . a. Fungus nat. size.
b. Perithecia X 14.
c. Perithecium X 120.
d. Conidia X 400.
e. Asci and sporidia x 400.
/. Sporidia X 800.
6. Hypomyces aurantius, Tul. Conidia : Mycelium creeping, branched, septate, white (becoming orange), sending up erect branched, verticillate, conidiiferous threads, which bear upon their apices ovate or obovate, hyaline, unequally uniseptate, slightly constricted conidia *016 to '018 mm. long by *008-*01 mm. wide
Perithecia springing from a more or less abundant effused, floccose, ochraceous subiculum, which is often white circumferen- tially, crowded, subcontluent, spherical, with a conoid-attenuate apex, golden yellow or orange ; *3 mm. in diameter.
Asci cylindrical ; ‘11 to ‘14 mm. long by '006 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight ; uniseriate, linear lanceolate, acute, often apicu- late at either end; uniseptate or bipartite ; hyaline, curved ; *015 to '024 mm. long by *004 to *006 mm. wide.
Hypomyces aurantius.
Sphasria aurantia.
m a
»> » .
Sphaeria aurantiacea.
Sphaeria aurea. Nectria aurantia.
Tulasne Sel. Fung. Carp, hi., p. 43. Fuckel Sym. Myc., p. 183.
Cooke Hdbk., p. 777.
Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.
Stevenson Myc. Scot., p. 359.
Plow. Sph. Brit, i., No. 4.
Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 440.
Pers. Syn., p. 68.
Pers. leones et Des., t. 11, f. 4. Nees., f. 362.
Alb. & Schw., p. 35.
Schw. Fung. Car. Sup., No. 170. Currey Linn. Trans., t. 57, f. 6. Berk. Eng. Flor. v., pt. 2, p. 259. Gray Nat. Arr. i., p. 526.
Grev., Crypt. FI. t. 47.
Fries Sum. Yeg. Sc., p. 388.
Berk. Outlines, p. 393.
On various Polyporei and the tougher Agaricini , Polyporus squamosus, versicolor , adusta, &c. ; also on Panus torulosus. Keffley Wood, Kings Lynn, Nov., 1879.
This species varies very much in the amount and colour of the subiculum. Sometimes this is nearly absent, it being invisible to the naked eye. The perithecia are then often crowded together in clusters, as Greville’s figure (t. 47) represents. At other times the
GREVILLEA
PL. 149
Hypomyces rosellus. jL 8( S.
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
45
subiculum spreads widely, producing only here and there a few scattered perithecia. Some of Greville’s specimens of Crypto - sphceria aurantia (t. 78) are undoubtedly this species.
Plate 150 . a. Conidia on an old Polyporus. Nat. size.
b. Conidia X400.
c. Hypomyces on Panus torulosus. Nat. size.
d. Perithecia X 20.
e. Perithecium X 140.
f. Asci and sporidia X 400.
g. Sporidia X 800.
7. Hypomyces ochxaceus, Tub Conidia: Tufts effused, wooly, white ; flocci erect, septate, pellucid ; branches and branchlets subulate, verticil late, patent ; conidia diaphanous, ovate, obovate, or oblong, straight, usually simple, sometimes uniseptate ; *05-*06 mm. long by *004-*006 mm. wide.
Chlamydospores produced by the deeper and larger flocci in linear series of 2-4 ; each chlamydospore is globose, *02-*03 mm. wide, slightly rough, at first white, becoming dirty or vinous-red.
Perithecia crowded, roundish, yellowish, universal, with a short, thick, obtuse exserted mouth, seated upon a subiculum, which is at first white, then straw-coloured, ochraceous, and yellow.
Asci linear, cylindrical ; *025-*03 mm. long by *0065 mm. wide. Sporidia eight ; oblong-lanceolate, uniseptate, constricted, mucronate at each end ; *035 mm. long by *0065 mm. wide.
Hypomyces ochraceus. Till. Sel. Fung. Carp, in., p. 41, t. 6, f. 19-20, t. 7.
Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat., 1860, p. 12.
Cooke Hdbk., p. 777.
Conidia :
Mucor dendroides., Bull, t. 504, f. 9.
Botrytis agaricina Link Obs. p. 15 ; Sp. Plant, vi., p. 54.
„ „ Ditmar, Sturm. FI. t. 51.
„ „ Grev., Crypt. FI. t. 126.
„ „ Pers. Myc. Europ. i., p. 34.
Botrytis dendroides. Pers. Myc. Kurop. i.,p. 34.
Verticillium agaricinum. Corda leones n., p. 15, t. x, f. 68.
Chlamydospores :
Blastotrichum puccinoides. Preuss Sturm, xxv., t. 11 Ascophore :
Sphaeria ochracea. Pers. Syn.,p. 18.
„ ,, Pers. Mycol. Europ. i., t. 1, f. 1-2.
Cry ptosph seria aurantia. Grev, t. 78.
I have never met with this species, which seems more inclined to affect the fleshy Agaricini. Tulasne records it upon Russula emetica , and advsta. Ditmar’s figure of the conidia is upon a Russula as well as Greville’s figure of the conidia (t. 126) and of the perithecia (t. 78.) It is only right, however, to state that some of Greville’s specimens now extant in the Kew Herbarium
46 •
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
are clearly H. aurantivs ; but H. aurantius was never known by me to occur upon a Russula. In the Edinburgh Herbarium, there is a specimen upon some Agaric which looks very like H. torminosus.
Plate 150 bis. a. Hypomyces. Nat. size.
b. Perithecia X 15.
c. Perithecium X 60.
d. Conidia X 400.
e. Asci and sporidia X 400.
/. Free sporidia X 800.
8. Hypomyces Tulasneanus. Plow. Conidia hyaline, oval,
smooth, borne singly on the end of branches of the mycelium ; •OC^-’OlSmm. long by -005-*006 mm. wide.
Chlamydospores large, yellow, narrowly oval, with an attenu- ated apex, attached at the base to the dilated extremity of a hyaline mycelial tube ; ‘016-'02 mm. long by *01 mm. wide.
Perithecia small, ovato-globose, with a rather obtuse ostiola, which emerge from a dirty, yellowish green, thin subiculum ; 0*25 mm. long by ’02 wide.
Asci elongate, cylindrical, ,12-,15 mm. long by ‘01 mm. wide. Sporidia eight, hyaline, lanceolate, usually simple, ’02- *025 mm. long by *008 mm. wide.
Hypomyces luteo-virens. Tul. Sel. Fung. Carp, in., p. 57,
t. 8, f. 15-16.
,, „ Cooke Hdbk., p. 778.
Sphaeria luteo-virens. Fries Sys. Myc. n. , p. 339, in part.
Hypocrea luteo-virens. Fr. Sum. Yeg. Sc., p. 383, in part.
„ „ Berk. & Broome Ann. N. H., No. 594.
„ „ Currey Linn. Trans, xxn., t. 46, f. 53.
On Boletus, Laxton, M. J. B. On Boletus. Mattishall. Sep., 1880, C. B. P.
This species is quite distinct from H. luteo-virens of Fries. It is much less brightly coloured, has very distinct chlamydospores, and affects Boleti.
Plate 152. 1. a. Boletus infested with the Hypomyces. Nat. size.
b. Perithecium x 20.
c. Perithecia x 140.
d. Chlamydospores X 400.
e. Asci and sporidia X 400.
f. Sporidia X 800.
9. Hypomyces luteo-virens, Fries. Conidia oval, hyaline, born on the tips of hyaline, verticillate, trivaricately branched tubes. Stroma, a widely effused, thin tomentum, at first bright egg-yellow, becoming greenish, then almost black.
Perithecia minute, crowded, ovoid or spherical with a conical apex. Emergent, pallid, the free portion becoming brown or nearly black ; -38 mm. high, *3 mm. wide.
Asci cylindrical, *16 mm. long by *007 to *008 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight, uniseriate, elongato-elliptic, acute, straight, mucronate at either end, greenish or yellowish, hyaline, simple, •628 to *03 mm. long by ’005 to *006 mm. wide.
PL. 150.
Hypcmyoes aur antius. <Tul.
GREVILLEA
PL. 150.
Hypomyaes ochraceus. ‘Tul.
GREVILLEA
PL. 152.
1. Hypomyces (Tulasneavyus . Cke. (PI. Hypomyces luteo-virens. Fr..
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
47
Hypomyces viridis. Berk. & Broome. Ann. N. H., No. 1101.*
„ „ Karsten. Mvc Fenn. n., p. 211.
„ „ Saccardo. Mich i., p. 286.
„ ,, Phillips & Plow. Grey, vm., p. 104, t. 130,
f. 1 ( a-e ).
Sphseria viridis. Alb. & Schw. Consp., p. 8, t. 6., f. 8.
„ luteo-virens. Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 339.
On various agarics, especially Lactarii. Bay’s Plantation, South Wootton, 1878-9-80, C. B. P.
This is a very marked species, which I have had one opportunity of watching through various stages of its development. It attacks the fungus (usually as Lactarius) before it appears above ground. In this early state, the agaric looks as if it had been dipped in the yolk of an egg. So completely were my specimens infected, that it was impossible to identify the host beyond being an agaric. In a short time the yellow colour darkens and be- comes a dirty cinereous green, more or less dark in tint. The affected agaric usually increases pari passu with the Hypomyces , and does not tend to putrefaction to any abnormal degree.
Plate 152. 2. a. Portion of Lactarius with the Hypomyces. Nat. size.
b. Perithecia enlarged.
c. Perithecium X 140.
d. Sterile threads of conidia X 400.
e. Asci and sporidia X 400.
/. Sporidia X 800.
10. Hypomyces terrestris, Plow. Boud. Conidia parasitic upon agarics, consisting of branched hyaline septate tubes, bear- ing at their extremities oval or pyriform conidia, which are filled with transparent, granular endochrome ; *025 to *03 mm. long by •01 mm. wide.
Stroma at first a mere web of white arachnoid threads, spreading over the ground, which gradually becomes thicker and consolidates into Corticium-\ike patches of from 1 to 2 c.m. in diameter, of a pale flesh colour.
Perithecia subglobose, at first immersed in the stroma, then nearly half free, reddish in colour ; ‘3 mm. in diameter. Ostiola conoid red.
Asci cylindrical ; *15 to ’2 mm. long by *015 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight, fusiform, acute, sometimes appendiculated, hyaline, uniseriate; #03 to *04 mm. long by '008 to *01 mm. wide.
Hypomyces terrestris. Plow, fy Boud. Grevillea vm., p. 105, pi. 130, f. 2.
On the ground, beneath or in close proximity to the place in which the conidiiferous agaric has decayed.
North Wootton, 1874-80. Leziate, 1880.
The conidia, in this county, occur most frequently upon Lactarius rufus. During the process of decay thus engendered in the agaric, the stroma of the Hypomyces makes its appearance upon the ground beneath it, which in due time produces perithecia and
48
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
sporidia. If, however, the conidiiferous agaric be by any accident removed while the development of the Hypomyces is in its earlier stages, ascigerous fructification is not produced. M. Boudier has sent me this fungus from Montmorency.
Plate 153. a. Fnngus nat. size. Plate 153. d. conidia X 400.
b. perithecia ' enlarged. e. Asci and sporidia X 400.
c. perithecium X 100. /. sporidia X 800.
11. Hypomyces Broomeianus, Tul. Conidia hyaline, oval ; borne on the extremities of branched, septate, hyaline tubes, which form a subiculum around the perithecia; *005 to *007 mm. in length.
Perithecia ovate, acute, clad with a dense short wool, except im- mediately around the ostiola ; *25 to *5 mm. high by *18 mm. wide. Asci linear, cylindrical ; *13 to *14 mm. long by *0035 mm. wide. Sporidia eight ; linear, lanceolate, straight, uniseptate ; *013 mm. long by *0035 mm. wide.
Hypomyces Broomeianus. Tulasne Sel. Carp. Fung, hi., p. 108.
„ ,, Berk. & Broome Ann. N. H., No. 1175,
t. 5, f. 3.
„ „ Cooke Hdbk., p. 778.
„ „ Plow. Sph. Brit, hi., No. 5.
„ ,, Saccardo Mich, i., p. 286.
Hypocrea luteo-virens. Berk. & Broome Ann. N. H., No. 1101.*
,, „ Babh. Exs., No. 751.
Batheaston, Nov. On Polypoi'us annosus , C. E. B. ; Castle Bising, Nov., C. B. P.
This minute species seems to be confined to the above Polyporus, over dead and living specimens of which it runs indiscriminately.
Plate 154. a. Portion of Polyporus annosus with its parasite. "Nat. size.
b. Perithecia enlarged.
c. Perithecia X 140.
d. Conidia highly magnified.
e. Asci and sporidia X 400.
f. Sporidia X 800.
12. Hypomyces Berkleyanus, Plow. $ Cooke. Perithecia seated upon a delicate rose-coloured or pallid subiculum, globose or ovate, with a minute ostidolum ; *32 mm. in diameter.
Asci cylindrical; *01 to *012 mm. long by -007 to *008 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight ; oval or oblong, blunt at both ends, hyaline, uni- septate, uniseriate ; *008 mm. long by *003 to *004 mm. wide.
Hypomyces rosellus. Cooke Hdbk., p. 778, in part.
Nectria rosella. B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 971, t. 17, f. 24b.
Downton, Herefordshire, Oct., 1878. On dead Stereum hirsutum. Sandringham, Nov., 1878. On dead wood, covered by some Cor- ticium.
This species is far more uncommon than H. rosellus , from which
GREVILLEA PL. 153.
Hyponnyoes terrestris. (Plow, fy I$oud.
GREVILLEA
PL. 154.
GREVILLEA
PL. 155.
Hypomyces cervinus, tful.
Hypomyces Linkii. ^Tul .
c. x wo.
V
e.xSoo.
Hypomyces J^ei'keleyanus. C fy (P.
GREVILLEA
PL 156-
Hypomyoes aureo -nitens. .Qui.
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
49
it is instantly distinguished by its much smaller, obtuse, Nectria- like sporidia.
Plate 155, Fig. 1. a. Hypomyces on old Stereum.
b. Perithecia.
c. Perithecium X 100.
d. Asci and sporidia X 400.
e. Free sporidia X 800.
13. Hypomyces auxeo-nitens, Tul. Conidia minute, hyaline, oval ; *003 to ‘004 mm. long by *002 mm. wide ; in short chains, born terminally upon tassel-like heads.
Perithecia globose, obtuse, shining golden yellow, granular, not distinctly cellular, small ; ’3 mm. high, *25 mm. wide, nestling amongst the golden subiculum.
Asci linear; *07 mm. long by *005 mm. wide.
Sporidia eight ; uniseriate, ovato-oblong, uniseptate, constricted, acute at either end; *01 to ‘013 mm. long by *003 mm. wide.
Hypomyces aureo-nitens. Tulasne Sel. Carp. Fung, in., p. 64.
Saccardo Mich, i., p. 258.
On Stereum hirsutum. Pwllycrochon Wood, North Wales, 11th Oct., 1880.
^ Plate 156. a. Hypomyces on hymenium of an old Stereum. Nat. size.
b. Tuft of conidia X 40.
c. Conidia X 400.
d. Apex of thread conidia x 800.
e. Perithecia X 15.
f. Perithecium X 140.
g. Asci and sporidia X 400.
h. Free sporidia X 800.
14. Hypomyces violaceus, Tul. Conidia : Mycelium very deli- cate, white, branching divaricately, bearing hyaline, oval, or linear oblong conidia, which are sometimes septate, straight, or curved ; 01 to *022 mm. long by *005 to -007 mm. wide.
Chlamy do spores broadly ovate, obtuse at both ends, smoky- brown ; -023 to -029 mm. long by -016 to *022 mm. wide.
Perithecia globose, very small, with obtuse ostiola, emergent, purplish violet.
Asci narrow, linear ; *055 to *06 mm. long by *004 mm. wide. Sporidia eight ; very small, oblong, obtuse at either end, straight or slightly unequal, simple or uniseptate, hyaline ; ‘006 to *007 mm. long by ’002 to *003 mm. wide.
Hypomyces violaceus. Tulasne Sel. Carp. Fung, hi., p. 60.
„ „ Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 4, xm., 1860, p. 14.
„ ,, Fuckel Sym. Myc., p. 183.
,, ,, Karst. Myc. Fenn. n., p. 211.
„ „ Karst. Exs., 270, 379.
„ „ Saccardo Mich, i., p. 286.
„ „ Phillips & Plow., Grev. vm., p. 104.
Sphasria violacea. Schm. in Herb. Kunze.
„ „ Fries Sys. Myc. n., p. 441.
50
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCE8.
On (Ethalium septicum ( Fuligo varians ) in an old sawpit at Cawdor Castle, N.B., Sept., 1879.
Plate 157, Fig. 1. a. Hypomyces on CEthalium. Nat. size.
b. Perithecia.
c. Perithecium X 100.
e. Asci and sporidia X 420.
/. Free sporidia X 800.
g. Chlamydospores.
h. Conidia.
15. Hypomyces candicans, Plow. Perithecia globose, gre- garious, upon and surrounded by a floccose, white mycelium, woolly except the ostiolum, which is naked, subhyaline ; *2 mm. high by about -15 mm. wide.
Asci cylindrical, rarely subclavate ; *05 to '06 mm. long by *003 to *005 mm. wide.
Sporidia oblong, oval, blunt at both ends, rarely uniseptate, binucleate, sometimes very highly constricted at the septum, generally uniseptate ; *008 mm. long by 003 mm. wide.
On some Myxogaster. Leziate, Aug., 1880; Bathford Down, Oct., 1880.
Plate 157, Fig. 2. a. Hypomyces candicans. Nat. size.
6. Group of Perithecia enlarged.
c. Perithecium X 80.
d. Asci and sporidia X 400.
e. Sporidia X 800.
16. Hypomyces Linkii, Tul. Conidia ovate, oblong, or cylin- drical, simple, rarely bilocular; *01 to *02 mm. long by *007 mk. wide ; smooth, colourless, born singly on the ends of the branches of the mycelium.
Chlamydospores spherical, rose-coloured, verrucose, subtrans- parent ; *03 mm. in diameter; born on the swollen end of a floccus.
Perithecia unknown.
Hypomyces Linkii. Tulasne Sel. Fung. Carp, hi., p. 44.
„ „ Tulasne Ann. Sc. Nat., 1860, p. 16.
„ „ Saccardo Mich, i., p. 284.
,, „ Fuckel Symb. Myc., p. 182.
Mycogone rosea. Link. Obs. i., 16 ; Berl. Mag. hi., 1809, p Sp., p. 29.
,, „ Willd. Sp. Plant vi., p. 29.
,, „ Chev. Fung, et Bvss, t. 15.
„ „ Tulasne Act. Heb. Ac. Science, 1855, p. 616.
Mycogone incarnata. Pers. Myc. Europ. i., p. 26.
Sepedonium roseum. Fries Sys. Myc. hi., p. 438.
„ „ Fries Sum. Veg. Sc., p. 497.
„ „ Berk. Eng. FI. v., Pt. ii., p. 351.
„ „ Berk. & Broome N. H., No. 132.
,, „ Berk. Outlines, p. 355.
18;
>»
GREVILLEA
PL. 157.
Hypomyces candicans, (plow.
A MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH HYPOMYCES.
51
Sepedonium roseum. Cooke Hdbk., p. 620.
„ „ Stevenson Myc. Scot., p. 286.
Mycobanche rosea. Wallr. FI. Cryp. Germ., p. 273.
Puccinia mycogone. Corda. leones i., p. 6, m., f. 99.
On Agaricus rubescens , Dr. Cooke; on the stem of a decaying Boletus , North Wootton, 1880, C. P. B.
Tulasne’s specimens occurred on Ag. rubescens and A. rimosus in the neighbourhood of Paris.
Plate 155, Pig. 3. a. Agaricus rubescenB attacked with Hypomyces Linkii. Nat. size.
6. Microconidia X 400. c. Macroconidia X 400.
17. Hypomyces cervinus, Tul. Conidia hyaline, ovate or lanceolate- oblong, simple or rarely uniseptate, borne on the ends of the filaments in a densely fasciculate manner, or sometimes sub- solitary ; *013-*016 mm. long by *003 to *0035 mm. wide.
Chlamydospores nearly globose, rough, fawn-coloured, borne singly on the ends of the flocci, which are dilated at their extremi- ties.
Perithecia unknown.
Hypomyces cervinus. Tulasne Sel. Fung. Carp, in., p. 51.
,, „ Tulasne Ann. Sc. Nat., 1860, p. 16.
„ ,, Fuckel Sys. Myc., p. 182.
„ ,, Saccardo Mich, i., p. 285.
Mycogone cervina. Ditmar Sturm, i., p. 107, t. 53.
,, „ Pers. Mycol. Europ. i., p. 26.
„ „ Link. Sp. Plant vi., p. 30.
,, ,, Berk. Introd., p. 304.
„ „ Rabh. Exs., 672.
Racodium mycobanche. Pers. Myc. Europ. i., p. 72.
Sepedonium cervinum. Fries Sys. Myc. in., p. 439.
Mycobanche cervina. Wall. FI. Germ, n., p. 273.
Puccinia cervina. Corda. leones in., p. 4, t. 1, f. 12. Sporotrichum fungorum. Corda. leones in., p. 4, t. 1, f. 12.]
On Morchella esculenta , Castle Rising, 1871 ; on Peziza aceta- bulum, May, 1872, C. P. B. ; on Peziza macropus , Sufton Court, Hereford, Oct., 1878, M. C. C.
At first appearing as a white floccose spot, which soon deve- lops the fawn-coloured chlamydospores towards the centre in great profusion, so that in a very short time the affected fungus looks as if it had been dusted with snuff.
Plate 155, Fig. 2. a. Peziza acetabulum attacked by Hypomyces cer- vinus. Nat. size.
b. Microconidia X 400.
c. Macroconidia X 400.
52
EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES.
By Charles B. Plowright.
The following thirty-five experiments are a portion of two series of experimental cultures conducted during the years 1881 and 1882 upon the physiology of the Uredines. They are published at the request of several of my friends who are interested in the sub- ject, and who considered further evidence upon the phenomena of hetercecism desirable. It may be observed that the species with which these experiments were commenced, and which was the prime cause of their performance at all, was the ^Ecidium upon Berberis vulgaris. In the summer of 1881 a number of cultures were made with the spores of this fungus upon wheat ; the result obtained was that in twelve out of thirteen of these experiments Uredo lineans followed the infection of the plants with the iEcidium spores ; but in no less than eleven of them did the Uredo appear upon the un- infected wheat plants kept as control plants * The consequence was that my faith in the heteroecismal character of this species was so much shaken that I was hardly able to believe in it at all.
During the spring and summer of the present year (1882), how- ever, a second series of experiments was instituted, which had not been long in existence before overwhelming evidence of the heteroecismal nature of several species was forthcoming. In these cultures various and less common Uredines were employed, so that the error of accidental sporadic infection, it is scarcely possible to believe, could have taken place time after time, with species after species. To take, for instance, the Pwstelice. Of all heteroecismal cultures the easiest successfully to conduct are those in which the Podisomce are employed as infecting material ; at least such is my experience, although Prof. Fallow has not been so successful with his cultures^ in America. On every occasion upon which I have infected hawthorns with Podisoma juniperi, and pears with P. sabinae , the corresponding Fcestelice have been produced. Now both these Roestelice are very uncommon plants near Kings Lynn. With Gymno sporangium juniperi upon mountain ash, four out of five cultures were successful, which is the more noteworthy when it is remembered that the Gymnosporangium was sent from Forres, in the north of Scotland (some 400 miles away), by my friend the Rev. James Keith, it being a plant that does not grow in this district.
All the cultures of Puccinia gramins on barberry were successful, the control plants remaining free from the fungus.
* Plowright, “ Grevillea,” vol. x., p. 40.
t Farlow, “ The Gymnosporangia of the United States,” pp. 34, 35.
EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERGECISM OF THE UREDINES. 53
With A Ecidium berberidis on wheat the three experiments per- formed were all entirely successful, the check plant remaining free from the fungus. Both the infected and the control plants in these last-named experiments were raised under bellglasses, and covered by them continuously, except for the few minutes necessary to per- form the infection, until the end of the experiment, so that the source of error from accidental atmospheric infection was reduced to a minimum.
The culture of Peridermium pini on the common groundsel (, Senecio vulgaris) has with me been one of the most difficult to perform. After several successive failures, however, I succeeded in two instances in producing the Coleosporium.
By the infection of Poa annua with the spores of A Ecidium tussilaginis , the Puccinia poarum of Nielsen was in three out of four cultures produced — a Puccinia hitherto unknown in Britain.
Perhaps the most interesting of the series, however, was the production of ^Ecidium zonale on Inula dysenterica (also a fungus new to the British flora) by infection with Uromyces junci. This was successful in every experiment. The actual demonstration of this hetercecism had not hitherto, I believe, been made, although Fuckel# had the strongest ground for believing it to exist.
In one of these experiments some fragments of Juncus obtu- sifflorus, with numerous pustules of Uromyces , in active germina- tion, on them, were placed upon the upper leaves of a plant of Inula dysenterica ; in the course of ten or fifteen days these leaves began to show the yellow spots, which were the forerunners of the Ecidium. By this time the plant had grown taller, and had developed fresh leaves above those on which the Juncus had been placed. The fragments of Juncus were then removed from the leaves, on which they had been in the first instance placed, to the healthy, recently expanded leaves above, where in due course the AZcidium was developed. It was very interesting to observe how the yEcidium could thus be produced in successive crops.
Podisoma sabince and Rcestelia cancellata.
Exp. 2. — Six pear seedlings had fragments of Podisoma sabince placed on each on 19th April ; on 6th May the spermogonia of Rcestelia cancellata appeared on them.
Exp. 6. — Three pear seedlings were infected on the 13th April with Podisoma sabince ; on 24th April yellow spots appeared ; on 6th May spermogonia were abundant on all three plants.
Exp. 10. — Four pear seedlings infected with Podisoma sabince on 14th April at 8 a.m. On 6th May every plant had spermogonia on it.
Exp. 25. — 11th May. Some Podisoma sabince , which had been soaked for 48 hours in water in a watch-glass, was placed on some leaves of a pear tree in Mr. T. Pung’s garden. Having some doubt of the efficacy of the material, these leaves were reinfected on
* Fuckel, “Symbol. Mycol.,” p. 61.
54 EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES.
the 25th May. On 11th June spermogonia appeared on one leaf. There were many pear trees in this garden, but this was the only pear leaf on which the fungus could be found. This leaf was gathered during the last week of September, and exhibited at Here- ford. It never got beyond the spermogonial condition.
Podisoma juniperi and Roestelia lacerata.
Exp. 4. — Two thorn seedlings ( Crataegus oxyacantha) infected on 10th April with Podisoma juniperi. On 24th abundance of spermogonia ; on 25th May perfect Roestelia lacerata on both these plants.
Exp. 5. — Three similar plants were on 7th April infected with Podisoma juniperi very freely. 24th April the leaves were yellow with spermogonia ; 2 5th May perfect Roestelia was produced.
Exp. 15. — Two similar plants infected on 17th April. On 6th May spermogonia noted, and on 3rd June the perfect Roestelia on both plants.
Exp. 16. — Three similar plants infected on 17th April. On 6th May spermogonia noted, and on 3rd June the perfect Roestelia on all these plants.
Exp. 27. — On 11th May the leaves on the lower branch of a hawthorn tree in Mr. T. Pung’s garden were infected with Podisoma juniperi. On the 21st the spermogonia appeared on five leaves, which in due time developed into the perfect Roestelia. On no other part of this tree, nor on any other thorn, either bush or hedge, in this garden, was any specimen of either the spermogonia or the perfect fungus to be seen.
Gymno sporangium juniperi and Roestelia cornuta.
Exp. 43. — Five small plants of Sorbus aucuparia were on the 29 th May infected with Gymno sporangium juniperi, sent by the Rev. James Keith from Forres; on 25th July spermogonia appeared on three leaves ; on 4th September the perfect Roestelia cornuta was observed.
Exp. 44.— Five similar plants were infected on the 29th May. On 21st June yellow spots appeared; on 1st July spermogonia were seen, and on the 4th September the perfect Roestelia.
Exp. 63. — One small mountain ash ( Sorbus aucuparia ) was in- fected on the 12th June with Gymnosporangium juniperi , sent by Rev. J. Keith from Forres. On 16th Aug. spermogonia were noted.
Exp. 73. — A similar plant was on the 18th June infected with the same material. On 1st July spermogonia appeared, and on 30th August the perfect Roestelia. It should be observed that I had never seen this fungus in Norfolk until it was produced by artificial infection with the Gymnosporangium.
Puccinia graminis and sEcidium berberidis.
Exp. 11. — On 14th April a three-year-old plant of Berberis vulgaris was infecte 1 with the germinating teleutospores of Puccinia graminis (on Triticum repens ), and covered with a large bellglass. As the supply of infecting material was on this occasion limited,
EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES. 55
the process was completed on the following day (the 15th), and on the 17th. The bellglass was not removed until the 24th. On 6th May spermogonia appeared, and on the 24th the perfect sEcidium was noted on 20 leaves. A precisely similar barberry kept as a control plant had no sEcidium upon, although grown in the same garden, and carefully observed throughout the summer.
Exp. 14. — A similar barberry plant was on the 17th April in- fected with the same material. On the 6th May spermogonia and on 3rd June perfect sEcidia were noted, the control barberry remaining free from the fungus.
Exp. 19. — On 9th May a similar barberry was infected. On 25th spermogonia and on 15th June perfect ^ Ecidia were noted. The control barberry remained free from the fungus.
AZcidium berberidis and Puccinia graminis.
Exp. 48. — 24 wheat seedlings growing in a flower pot, which had been continually covered by a bellglass from the day the wheat was sown, were on 23rd May infected with ripe spores of sEcidium berberidis , sent for the purpose by Mrs. Howell, of Drayton Rectory. On the 3rd June sickly yellow spots appeared on some of the plants ; on the following day (4th June) true Ureco linearis made its appear- ance. On 8th June the pot was removed from the garden into a room in the house, and the diseased plants removed. By the 30th every plant had the parasite on it. A similar pot of wheat seed- lings grown under exactly similar conditions, but not infected with sEcidium spores, remained free from Uredo.
Exp. 80. — Five wheat plants which had been reared under a bellglass were on the 28th June infected with sEcidium berberidis spores from Exp. 14; on 17th June Uredo appeared on one leaf, and three days later on the others. The five control wheat plants remained healthy.
Exp. 81. — Many wheat seedlings reared under a bellglass were on 28th June infected with sEcidium berberidis spores; on 16th August Uredo was noted on them. A similar pot of wheat seed- lings not infected with the iEcidia spores remained healthy.
Puccinia caricis and Mcidium urticae.
Exp. 2. — On the 8th April three plants of Urtica dioica were planted in a flower pot ; around them was laid a quantity of Carex hirta , with last year’s Puccinia caricis on it. The pot was covered by a bellglass, and freely watered. On 2nd May two of the plants were heavily affected with sEcidium urticae ; on 6th May the nettles were planted out, and the Carex straw removed and destroyed. On 9th May all three plants were much distorted, both on their stems and on their leaves, with the sEcidium,
sEcidium urticae and Uredo caricis.
Exp. 33. — On May 15th a clump of healthy Carex hirta grown in a flower pot under a bellglass for three weeks, had two leaves of nettle with sEcidium on them from the previous experiment (Exp.
56 EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES.
9) laid upon it ; on 15th June Uredo caricis made its appearance, and by 1st July it had affected many of the Carex leaves.
Exp. 49. — Three scions of Carex hirta from South Wootton were on the 26th May infected with spores of ^Ecidium urticce ; on 3rd June sickly spots were noted, which five days later (on 8th) were the site of Uredo pustules. On 21st all the plants were affected with the Uredo.
Exp. 26 (1881). — Four plants of Carex hirta were infected on 21st July with /Ecidium urticce , and four similar plants kept as checks. On 15th August Uredo appeared in two of the infected plants. The check plants remained free from the fungus, as did 33 other individuals of Carex hirta growing in the same garden.
Puccinia magnusiana and sEcidium rumicis.
Exp. 18. — Two plants of Rumex hydrolapathum and two of P. ohtusifolium were planted in a large flower pot, and surrounded with leaves of Phragmitis communis, on which the teleutospores of last year’s Puccinia magnusiana, were abundant. The pot was covered with a bellglass, and freely watered. On 3rd June red spots appeared on the leaves of the R. hydrolapathum , which, by the 6th June, developed into perfect sEcidium rumicis. No sEcidia appeared on the R. ohtusifolium.
Exp. 32. — Three plants of Rumex hydrolapathum were similarly surrounded with reed leaves on 15th May. On 6th June perfect JEcidium rumicis was developed on all three plants.
yEcidium rhamni and Puccinia coronata.
Exp. 55. — A flower pot of seedling oats were infected on 7th June with sEcidium rhamni. On the 10th July there was an appearance like Uredo. On 10th August the Uredo of Puccinia coronata was gathered.
Exp. 76. — A number of oat seedlings were on 23rd June in- fected with sEcidium rhamni. On 12th June Uredo of P . coronata appeared.
JEcidium tussilaginis and Puccinia poarum.
Exp. 84. — Four plants of Poa annua were on 29th July infected with s. Ecidium tussilaginis. On 10th July Uredo appeared, and on the 18th the perfect Puccinia , which had hitherto not been recorded as British.
Exp. 85. — Three plants of Poa annua were on the 29th June in- lected with ZEcidium tussilaginis. On 10th July the Uredo and on the 18th the Puccinia appeared.
Exp. 86. — A number of plants of Poa annua in a pot were in- fected with the ^ Ecidium on 29th June. On 10th July the Uredo , and on the 18th July the Puccinia appeared.*
* Note Poa annua is a common weed in the garden in which these ex- periments were pei'formed, as it is in every garden, but on no other plant of this grass could the Puccinia be found, although careful search was made, except those upon which the spores of A Ecidium tussilaginis had been placed.
EXPERIMENTS UPON THE HETERCECISM OF THE UREDINES. 57
Uromyces junci and Mcidium zonale.
Exp. 40. — Germinating Uromyces junci was on the 25th May placed on three plants of Inula dysenterica. On 4th June yellow spots appeared on all these plants, which by the 21st developed into perfect ^ Ecidium zonale.
Exp. 42. — Germinating Uromyces junci was placed on two plants of Inula dysenterica on 29th May. On 12th June abundant yellow spots were noticed, which by the 21st had developed into perfect sEcidium zonale.
Exp. 64. — Three plants of Inula dysenterica were on 8th June infected with Uromyces junci ; by 30th perfect sEcidium zonale was abundantly produced on all three plants. To this experiment three control plants were kept which remained perfectly free from the fungus.
Peridermium pini and Coleosporium senecionis.
Exp. 31. — Two plants of Senecio vulgaris were on the 13th May infected with Peridermium pini. On 2nd June the Coleo- sporium appeared on both plants.
Exp. 54. — Four plants of Senecio vulgaris were on 7th June in- fected with Peridermium pini. On 28 th the Coleosporium appeared. Many plants of Senecio vulgaris existed in the garden, but none of them, either at the time these experiments were performed, nor before, nor since, have had any trace of the fungus upon them.
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
By M. C. Cooke.
( Continued from p. 34.) GASTEROMYCETES. Fr.
Ord. I. PHALLOIDEI, Fr.
Gen. 1. Phallus, Linn.
Phallus merulinus, Berk. Intell . Obs ., i x.,p. 404. Queensland.
Phallus tahitensis, Schlecht Biss .
N. S. Wales.
Phallus Nov® Holland!®, Corda. Icon. VI., t. 3, f. 46.
New South Wales.
Phallus multicolor Berli. 8{ Br. Linn. Trans., Ser. 2, ir., 67. Queensland, N. S. Wales.
Phallus quadricolor, B. & Br. Linn. Trans ri., 68, t. 14. Queensland.
Phallus vitellinus, Mull, (description unknown).
Victoria.
5
58
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
Phallus curtus, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845, 69.
W. Australia.
Phallus calyptratus, B. fy Br , Linn. Trans., n., 67. Queensland.
Phallus aurantiacus, Mont. Ann. Sci.Nat., 1841, 277, t. 16,/. 1. Queensland.
Phallus Watsoni, Berk. Linn. Journ., xviii., p. 367.
Burnett’s River.
Gen. 2. Cynophallus, Fr.
Cynoph. papuasius, Kalch. Grev. it., p. 74.
Queensland.
Cynoph. Caleyi, BerTc. (Phallus libidinosus, Cayley.)
Clarence River, Queensland.
Gen. 3. Clathrus, Mich.
Clathrus crispus, Turjp. Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist., ix., 446. Queensland.
Clathrus pusillus, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845.
Queensland, W. Australia.
Clathrus hirudinosus, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat., in.,#: 8.
W. Australia.
Gen. 4. Ileodictyon, Tul.
Xleodictyon gracile. Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845.
W. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales. Xleodictyon cibarium, Tul. Corda. Icon., vi., 26.
Mount Dromedary.
Gen. 5. Lysurus, Fr.
Lysurus Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm., n., 264, t. 184.
Tasmania.
Lysurus aserdeformis, Corda. Icon.,yi.,t. 4,/. 3 — 8. Tasmania.
Gen. 6. Anthurus. Kalch.
Anthurus Mullerianus, Kalch. Phall. Nov., t. 3, /. 3.
Victoria.
Gen. 7. Aseroe, Lahill .
Aseroe rubra, Labill. Voy. Austr., 145.
S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales.
Aseroe pentactina, Endl. Schlecht. Diss., 7.
N. S. Wales.
Ord. II. LYCOPERDACEI, Fr.
Gen. 1. Podaxon, Desv.
Podaxon pistillaris, Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 63.
Victoria, Queensland.
Podaxon carcinomalis, Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 62.
Queensland, S. Australia.
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
59
Gen. 2. Xylopodium, D.R. M.
Xylopodium australe, Berk. Linn. Journ. XVI., 171.
S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales.
Gen. 3. Phellorina, Berk .
Phellorina strobilina, Kalch. Grevillea IX., 4.
Queensland.
Gen. 4. Secotium, Kunze .
Secotium melanosporum, Berk. Hook. Journ. Hot., 1845, 62.
W. Australia.
Secotium coarctatum, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot ., 1845, 63.
W. Australia.
Secotium erythrocephalum, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 115. Tasmania.
Secotium Drummondi, Berk, in Herb, vide Hook. Journ., 1845, p. 63. W. Australia.
Secotium Gunnii, Berk, in Herb. Berk., No, 4412.
Sulphur springs, Tasmania.
Secotium Czexniavii, Mont. Flor. Alg., 371.
Gen. 5. Mitremyces, Nees .
Mitremyces fuscus, Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist, in., p. 325.
Victoria, Tasmania, Lake Muir.
Mitremyces luridus, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845, 65.
W. Australia.
Mitremyces viridis, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1851, 201.
Victoria.
Gen. 6. Tulostoma, Bull.
Tulostoma mammosum, Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 42.
Rockhampton.
Tulostoma fimbriatum, Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 43.
W. Australia.
Tulostoma leprosum, Kalch. Grev. iv., 72.
Queensland.
Gen. 7. Battarrea. Pers.
Battarrea Muelleri, Kalch. Grevillea X., p. 3.
S. Australia.
Battarrea phalloides, Pers. Syn. Fung., 129, t. 3, /. 1.
Between Murchison River and Shark’s Bay.
Gen. 8. Mesophellia. Berk.
Mesophellia arenaria, Berk. Linn. Trans, xxii., 131, t. 25.
Tasmania, Harriet ville, W. Australia.
Mesophellia ingratissima, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 386.
River Goulburn.
[The proposed substitution of Inoderma for Mesophellia is inad- missible, as there is already a genus of Algae bearing the same name.]
60
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
Gen. 9. Geaster. Mich.
Geaster hygrometricus, Pers. Syn. lung, 135.
Rockhampton, W. Australia.
Geaster lageniformis, Vitt. Mon. Lycop.,t. 1,/. 2.
Tweed River.
Geaster fimbriatus, Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 16.
S. Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Queensland.
Geaster Drummondi, Berk. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845.
W. Australia, Victoria.
Geaster minimus, Schwz. Syn.,p. 58, No. 327.
W. Australia, S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queens- land.
Geaster striatus, D.C. Fr. Syst. Myc. ill., 13.
W. Australia, Queensland.
Geaster striatulus, Kalch. Grevillea ix., p. 3.
S. Australia, Queensland.
Geaster saccatus, Fr. Syst. Myc. III., 16.
Tasmania, N. S. Wales, Queensland, W. Australia, Richmond River.
Geaster tenuipes, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 264, t. 183,/. 9.
Tasmania.
Geaster Archer!, Berk. FI. Tasm. ii., 264.
Tasmania.
Geaster lignicola, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 386.
Rockhampton.
Geaster Australis, Berk. FI. Tasm . ii., 265, t. 183, /. 10.
Tasmania, King George’s Sound.
Geaster rufescens, Pers. Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 18.
W. Australia, N. S. Wales.
Geaster Guilfoylei, Mull, in Herb. Berk., No. 4564. Apparently the
same as Geaster rufescens, Pers.
Geaster dubius, Berk. Linn. Journ., xvi., 40.
N. S. Wales.
Geaster vittatus, Kalch. Qrevillea ix., p. 3.
Australia.
Geaster pusillus, Fr. PI. Preiss.,p. 139.
W. Australia.
Geaster floriformis, Vitt. Mon. Tub., 18.
Queensland.
Gen. 10. Bovista. Pers.
Bovista Mulieri, Berk. Linn. Journ. XVI., 171.
Queensland, Darling Range.
Bovista lilacina, B. & M. Hook. Journ. Bot., 1845.
W. Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland. Bovista brunnea, Berk. FI. N. Zeal, n., 119.
N. S. Wales.
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
Cl
Gen. 11. Lycoperdon. Tourn.
Xiycoperdon caelatum, Fr. Syst. Myc. III., 32.
N. S. Wales, Queensland.
Lycoperdon australe, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 266.
S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, W. Australia, N. S. Wales, Clarence River, Endeavour River.
Lycoperdon glabrescens, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 265.
Victoria, Tasmania.
Lycoperdon pyriforme, Sctiff. Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 29.
Victoria, Tasmania, N. S. Wales, Clarence River.
Lycoperdon gemmatum, Fr. Syst. Myc., in., 36.
W. Australia, Tasmania, N, S. Wales, Queensland.
Lycoperdon Gunnii, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 265.
Tasmania.
Lycoperdon pusillum, Batsch. Cont. ir., 123.
W. Australia, Queensland, King George’s Sound, N. S. Wales.
Lycoperdon reticulatum, Berk. FI. N. !Zeal. II., 190.
Victoria.
Lycoperdon mundula, Kalch. Greviilea ix., p. 3.
Victoria.
Lycoperdon tephrum, B. Br. in Herb. Berk., No. 4630. Queensland.
Gen. 12. Mycenastrum. Desv.
Mycenastrum phaeotrichum, Berk. Rook. Journ. II., 418.
W. Australia, Queensland, Port Denison, N. S. Wales. Mycenastrum corium, Berk. Rook. Journ., 1845,^. 518.
Queensland.
Gen. 13. Polysaccum. Fr.
Folysaccum marmoratum, Berk. Linn. Journ. xvi., 171.
W. Australia, S. Australia, N. S. Wales, S. W. Australia. Folysaccum pisocarpum, Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 54.
W. Australia, Queensland, Moreton Bay.
Folysaccum crassipes, Fr. Syst. Myc., in., 53.
W. Australia.
Polysaccum turgidum, Fr. Syst. Myc., in., 53 W. Australia.
Folysaccum olivaceum, Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 54.
Queensland, King George’s Sound, Endeavour River. Folysaccum australe, Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1848 Queensland.
Folysaccum tuberosum (Mich.). Linnea. v., 694.
Paramatta.
Folysaccum (?) degenerans, Fr. Plant Preiss., 159.
W. Australia.
62
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
Gen. 14. Scleroderma, Fr.
Scleroderma geaster, Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 460.
w. Australia, S. Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, N. W. Wales, Queensland, S. W. Australia.
Scleroderma bovista, Fr. Syst. Myc. in., 48.
Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland, Endeavour River. Scleroderma vulgare, Fr. Syst. Myc. hi., 46.
W. Australia, S. Australia, Victoria, N. S. Wales, Queensland, S. W. Australia.
Scleroderma pandanaceum, Mull. Linn. Journ. xvi., 171.
Queensland.
Gen. 15. Arachnion, Schwein.
Arachnion Drummondi, Berk. Linn, Journ. xviii., 389.
W. Australia.
Gen. 16. Paurocotyles. Berk.
Faurocotyles echinosperma, Cke. Grevillea, vin., 59.
Victoria.
Ord. III. NIDULARI ACEZ. Fr.
Gen. 1. Cyathus. Hall.
Cyathus Lesueurii, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 79.
N. S. Wales, Clarence River, Rockhampton. Cyathus intermedius, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 72. Queensland, Daintree River.
Cyathus fimetarius, DC. Fl. Fr. V., 104.
Queensland.
Cyathus fimicola, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 387. Rockhampton.
Cyathus pusio, Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii., 387. Rockhampton.
Cyathus desertorum, Mull. Linn. Journ. xviii., 387. Darling River.
Cyathus Colensoi, Berk. Fl. N. Zeal, n., 192.
S. Australia, Tasmania, N. S. Wales.
Cyathus vernicosus, DC. Fl. Fr. n„ 270.
W. Australia, Queensland.
Cyathus IVIontagnei, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 70.
W. Australia, Queensland.
Cyathus pezizoides, Berk. IAnn. Journ. xviii., 387. Rockhampton.
Gen. 2. Crucibulum. Tul.
Crucibulum vulgare, Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1844, 90. Victoria, Queensland.
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI
63
Gen. 3. Sph^robolus. Tode.
Sphaerobolus stellatus, Tode. Meckl. I., 43.
Tasmania.
Ord. IV. HYPOGJEI.
Gen. 1. Hydnangium. Wallr.
Hydnangium Australiense, B. & Br. Linn. Trans . II., 68. Queensland.
Gen. 2. Octaviana. Vitt.
Octaviana Archeri, Berk. FI. Tasm. II., 263.
Tasmania.
Gen. 3. Hymenogaster. Vitt.
Hymenogaster Moselei, B. Sr Br. Linn. Journ. xvi., 40. N. S. Wales.
Hymenogaster Klotschii, Tul. Fungi Hyp., p. 64.
W. Australia.
Gen. 4. Gautieria. Vitt.
Gautieria Drummondi, Berk, in Herb. Berk., No. 4446. W. Australia. (Only a fragment.)
MYXOMYCETES.
Ord. I. CALCARER Rostf.
Gen. 1. Badhamia. Berk.
Badhamia hyalina (Pers.). Rostf. Mon. 140.
Tasmania.
Badhamia utricularis {Bull.), Rostf. Mon.
N. S. Wales.
Gen. 2. Physarum. Pers.
Fhysarum cinereum, Batsch. Rostf. Mon., p. 102.
W. Australia.
Physarum Berkeleyi, Rostf. Mon.,p. 105.
W. Australia.
Gen. 3. Fuligo. Hall.
Fuligo varians ( Somm .), Rostf. Mon., 134.
Tasmania, Queensland.
Gen. 4. Craterium. Trent.
Craterium vulgare, Bitm. Rostf. Mon., 118.
W. Australia.
Craterium minutum Leers. Rostf. Mon., 120.
Tasmania.
64
AUSTRALIAN FUNGI.
Gen. 5. Leocarpus. Link.
Eeocarpus fragilis, Dichs. Rostf. Mon., 132. Tasmania.
Gen. 6. Tilmadoche. Fr.
Tilmadoche nutans Pers. Rostf. Mon., 127.
W. Australia, Tasmania, Queensland.
Tilmadoche mutabilis. Rosft. Mon., 130. Rockhampton.
Gen. 7. Chondrioderma. Rostf.
Chondrioderma spumarioides, Rostf. Mon., 174. Rockhampton.
Chondrioderma difforme (Pers.). Rostf. Mon ., 177.
Queensland.
Gen. 8. Didymium. Schrad.
Didymium farinaceum, Schr. Rostf. Mon., 154. Queensland.
Didymium squamulosum, A. fy S. Rostf. Mon., 159. Tasmania.
Oed. II. AMAUROCH.KTE.ffi, Rostf.
Gen. 1. Lamproderma. Rostf.
Lamproderma echinulata, Berk. FI. Tasm. n., 268. Tasmania.
Gen. 2. Comatricha. Pers.
Comatricha Friesiana, Re. Bary. Rostf. Mon., 199. Tasmania.
Gen. 3. Stemonitis. Gled.
Stemonitis fusca, Rotli. Rostf. Mon., 193.
W. Australia, Tasmania, Queensland.
Stemonitis ferruginea, Ehr. Rostf. Mon., 196.
More ton Bay.
Oed. III. ANEMEE, Rostf.
Gen. 1. Tubulina. Pers.
Tubulina cylindrica, Bull. Rostf. Mon., 220.
Tasmania.
Tubulina nitidissima, Berk. Linn. Journ., XVIII., 387. Rockhampton.
Gen. 2. Clathroptychium. Rostf.
Clathroptychium rugulosum ( Wallr .). Rostf. Mon., 225. W. Australia.
Australian fungi.
65
Ord. IV. ARCYRIAC EJE.
Gen. 1. Arcyria. Hill.
Arcyria punicea, Pers. Mostf.Mon ., 268. Queensland.
Arcyria incarnata, Pers. Rostf. Mon., 275.
W. Australia, Queensland.
Arcyria pomiformis, Roth. Rostf. Mon., 271. Australia.
Arcyria nutans, Fr. Syst. Myc ., in., 180.
W. Australia, Queensland.
Arcyria cinerea (Bull.). Rostf. Mon., 272. Queensland.
Arcyria ferruginea, Sauter. Rostf. Mon., 280. Rockhampton.
Gen. 2. Lycogala. Mich.
Lycogala epidendrum, Buxb. Rostf. Mon., 285. W. Australia.
Ord. Y. TRICHIACEJE.
Gen. 1. Prototrichia. Rostf.
Prototrichia flageliifer (Berk.). Rostf. Mon. Supp., 38. Tasmania.
Gen. 2. Trichia. Hall.
Trichia chrysosperma, Bull. Rostf , Mon., 255. Tasmania.
Trichia varia, Pers. Rostf. Mon., 251.
Tasmania.
Trichia contorta (Ditm.) Rostf. Mon., 259.
Tasmania.
Gen. 3. Hemiarcyria. Rostf.
Hemiarcyria rubiformis (Pers.). Rostf. Mon. 261, Tasmania.
Braun’s “ Characeen.” — Just as we are going to press we have received, through the kindness of Professor Nordstedt, a copy of Braun’s “ Fragmente einer Monographie der Characeen,” edited by Nordstedt, and reprinted from the “ Transactions of the Berlin Academy.” At the present we can only call attention to it as a valuable contribution to the Geographical Distribution of the Chctracece.
6
66
SACCARDO’S “ SYLLOGE.”
The following is Professor Saccardo’s defence in reply to our observations in the previous number of Grevillea : —
“ Dear Colleague, —
“ A few days ago I saw No. 57 of 1 Grevillea,’ and thank you very much for the notice of Yol. i. of my * Sylloge.’
“As regards your criticism of my system, which you are deter- mined to oppose, allow me to state that the fundamental question is doubtless this : Are the characteristics of the spores more or less essential and constant than the external characteristics (disposition, form, size, consistence, &c.) of the perithecia ? Do you think, for instance, that a Valsa, &c., will more readily lose the allantoid form of its spores, or the disposition of its perithecia? I have never seen a Valsa vary essentially in the form of its sporidia ; but I have seen many variations in the structure of the perithecia. There are some Calosphcerce — with all the characteristics of a Calosphceria — which are grouped circularly, and others which have their perithecia either circinate or subsolitary. Leptosphceria Doliolum has the varieties tecta and denudata , but the sporidia are always the same. Anthostoma gastnnum I find completely Valsioid , and later Melogrammoid , but the sporidia are always the same, &c. In my opinion, therefore, and in that of many other mycologists, the characteristics of the spores are more constant than the others. This being admitted, I think that in any classification we ought to prefer, for the primary division, those characteristics which are the most constant, and in our case these are the spores.
“When I see that Fries, in the primary division of the vast genus Agaricus, has preferred the colour of the spores to the characteristics of the annulus, volva, hymenophorum, &c., I feel no doubt that if he had had at his disposal the characteristics of the spores of his vast genus Sphceria, he would have preferred them.
“ You say that the characteristics of the spores give rise to an artificial system. But why do you not consider Jussien’s system, in which the primary divisions are fixed by the number of the cotyledons , artificial ? Do you say that only children and un- cultured or dejicient intellects will count the number, not of the septa, but of the cotyledons ? You say that the system vauntingly termed carpological is equivalent to the old Linnean system. Possibly ! But I think I am much more correct in saying that the system of the Pyrenomycetes of Fries and of yourself are equiva- lent to that of Tcurnefort (about 1680?), in which plants are divided into trees, shrubs, and plants, without taking any account of the characteristics, which are much more important, but much more difficult to preserve. In fact both Fries and you distinguish groups and genera (what genera !) by the naked eye, asTournefort did ; by carpologists, on the other hand, characteristics which are
SACCARDO’S “ SYLLOGE.”
67
more intimate (and more constant), are studied and unveiled : precisely as, in the natural method in phanerogamy, great attention is paid to the intimate characteristics of the cotyledons, the albumen, the parts of the fruits and flowers, &c., &c. And it is worthy of notice that in phanerogamy you have at your disposal many distinctive characteristics which are entirely wanting in the groups of Pyrenomycetse. I regret that I cannot make use of my own language with you, so as to be able to express my thoughts better. *
“ If I have not arranged the Perisporiacei carpologically,* it is merely because I did not wish to upset matters with which I was not sufficiently acquainted ; moreover, the keys of the Perisporiacei are arranged carpologically, as you might have pointed out in your critique.
“ As regards your special observations, I value them very much for the addenda et emendata to be published at the end of Yol. n. Only you might have added that I am not the author of the genera Erysiphella and Ascotricha , and that several of the identifications of the species were suspected by me, e.g ., Dimerosporium and Capnodium mangiferum , Dimerosporium and Asterina Macowani , &c. As regards the genus Sporormia, how can you for instance join Sp. lageniformis with a long ostiole to astomous Perisporium ? Have you no confidence in your superficial system ? I will end here.
“I should be very much obliged if you would translate this letter into English, and publish it in the next number of ‘Grevillea.’
“ Yours, &c.,
“P. A. SACCARDO.”
REJOINDER.
Being satisfied that the only certain reward of controversy is waste of time and vexation of spirit, it is not my intention to prolong the present one. The above letter in no way alters my opinion, and I have nothing to retract. That I have protested against an u artificial system” is sufficient, and I have done so from a conviction that it is wrong in principle and retrogressive. It would have been discreditable to me, holding such views, if I had not been “ determined to oppose it.” That the proposed method is an artificial one, its author does not deny, but seeks to cover his retreat by an allusion to Tournefort, as a rhetorical flourish, although it has no analogy to the point in question. I do not consider it so criminal in Fries that he distinguished groups and genera by the naked eye, as some appear to do. The most
* I use this term in the sense of MM. de Notaris, Tulasne, &c. (Asci paraphyces, sporidia, and not only sporidia).
68
SACCARDo’s “ 8YLL0GE.” — REJOINDER.
practical method would be to travel, as it wrere, from the known to the unknown, from that which may be distinguished by the naked eye, or a pocket lens, gradually upwards to the highest of micro- scopical powers, which are most essential to distinguish many of the so-called species of modern times, and often fail to reveal their differences. I am not prepared to condemn recklessly a system which originated half a century ago, because it may not have progressed with the perfection of the microscope. However imperfect a system may be which regards natural affinities, it is preferable, as a principle, to a more elaborate artificial one. No one denies that the arrangement adopted by Fries, for instance, however sufficient it might have been at the time, is capable of considerable improvement, and that it is insufficient in detail to meet the wants of the time ; but that proves nothing for another system with a different basis. Undoubtedly there was ample field for a complete natural arrangement of the Pyrenomycetes, which should have taken cognizance of all the improvements in instru- ments and observations of half a century. I confess that I have opposed the system now in question, because it was not the arrangement which increased knowledge of the life history of the Pyrenomycetes led one to expect.
I do not admit that the characteristics of the spores are more constant than the external features of the plant, even after numerous species have been created out of the variations of the spores in one or other of the older species, which would find their way back again in a natural system. But I am indisposed to travel into details of the system as it is ; suffice it for me that I do not accept the fundamental principle. I regret to have to differ from the indefatigable author of the “ Sylloge,” and I repeat again that his work has earned him the thanks of all mycologists, as a record of published species. Some will undoubtedly accept it, but some will not. This is in accordance with our knowledge of human nature. There never was a system or theory without its zealous advocates, but, if this does not meet with the universal acceptance which its author seems to have hoped, he will at least have the satisfaction of knowing that his labours will greatly lighten those of his successor, whoever he may be, who may here- after elaborate a more philosophical system. If the present arrangement should be as generally accepted, and maintain its position as long as that of Fries has done, its author will have good reason to congratulate himself upon his success. I only hope that the prospective author of the new “ Systema Myco- logicum” of 1936 will, in that event, exhibit more veneration for Professor Saccardo, and a greater respect for his incessant toil, than he has evidenced on behalf of the greatest mycologist that Europe has yet produced.
M. C. Cooke.
60
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
By M. C. Cooke.
( Continued from p. 16.)
Agaxicus (Collybia) xylophilus, Fr. Hym. Eur ., 114.
Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, lax, then expanded, broadly gibbons, smooth ; stem hollow, equal, rather flexuous, fibrillose- striate, whitish ; gills adnate, narrow, much crowded, white. — Fr. Icon. t. 63,/. 2. Cooke Iilus. t. 202.
On stumps. Black Park, Langley.
“ A very good species, allied to Ag. ramosus , Bull. Csespitose. Stem hollow, 2-3 in. long, 3 lin. thick, equal, sometimes flexuous, fibrillose-striate, whitish, destitute of a veil, internally fuscescent. Pileus slightly fleshy, broad, deep, campanulate, 3 in. broad (when flattened 4 in.), commonly obtuse, sometimes furnished with a small umbo, but about the margin at length cracked and split when expanded, broadly gibbous, smooth, moist, whitish, or brownish clay-coloured in the middle. Flesh everywhere very thin, fragile, watery, brownish. Gills adnate, often with a decurrent tooth, rather narrow (1 line broad), much crowded, in our specimens entire. As to the gills allied to Ag. confluens, not to be compared in other points with any of our species.” — Fries Mon. n., 290. Agaxicus (Mycena) pullatus, Berk. & Cooke.
Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, dark brown, disc nearly black, sulcato striate to the middle, stem fistu- lose, elongated, thickened downwards, of the same color, whitish floccose at the base, sometimes rooting, gills scarcely crowded, adnexed, white ; odour slightly nitrous.
On the ground amongst dead leaves. Chingford, Oct., Nov., 1882. (M. C. C.). Norfolk, (C. B. P.)
Stem 3 inches long, 1 line thick. Pileus jin. broad, at first dark brown with a tinge of purple, almost black, growing a little paler with age, sometimes with a glaucous bloom. Gills rather broad, quite white. Spores elliptic, smooth. Allied to Ag. atro-cyaneus and Ag. leptocephalus.
Agaxicus (Clitopilus) caxneo-albus, With. Arr. iy., 218.
Pileus white, polished, centre rather depressed, edge turned down, about an inch over ; stem solid, white, cylindrical, about an inch high, thick as a crow-quill ; gills decurrent, salmon-coloured, mostly in pairs, narrow, not crowded.
Heathy places. Epping Forest, Sept., 1882.
The above is Withering’s description, with which our plant agrees intimately, but it is doubtful whether Fries had the same plant in view ( Hym . Eur., 200), or, if he had, the figures quoted from Kalchbrenner ( Icon . t. 12, f. 2) are but little like the Epping
70
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
specimens. It is, however, quite accurate that they were “ino- dorous, gregarious, pileus an inch broad, disc at length depressed, rufescent ; spores angular.” Size and habit very similar to Agari- cus atropunctus , P.
Agaricus (Fholiota) mustelinus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 225.
Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, convex, even, smooth, dry ; stem fistulose, even, pallid-whitish, farinose above the reflexed ring, thickened at the base, and villose-white ; gills adnate, rather distant, tawny cinnamon. — Mich. Gen.t. 80,/. 6.
On stumps. Near Guildford (T. Howse).
Solitary. Pileus hardly an inch broad, rufous or testaceous ; stem less than an inch long, thickened at the base, which is surrounded and attached by a white tomentum. Not included in Fries’ Mon. Hym. Sueciae.
Agaricus (Inocybe) haemactus, Berk, Cke.
Pileus fleshy, compact, obtuse, campanulate, floccosely fibrillose, disc subsquamose, darker ; stem solid, smooth, scarcely fibrillose, whitish above, seruginous at the base, nearly equal ; gills adnate, pallid, at length clay-colour ; flesh everywhere turning blood-red where touched or wounded.
On lawn. Credinhill Court, Oct., 1882.
Pileus about an inch broad, umber, margin pallid, clad with long, darker fibrils, the obtuse disc darkest, and somewhat scaly ; stem nearly 2 inches long, 3-4 lines thick, seruginous at the base, the colour penetrating through the flesh. Everywhere changing slowly to blood-red when wounded. Spores elliptical, attenuated towards one end, smooth. In some respects agreeing with Ag. calamis- tratus, but not squarrose.
Cortinarius (Myxacium) mucifluus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 355.
Pileus rather fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, covered with an evanescent hyaline gluten, margin striate ; stem attenuated downwards, soft, viscid from the fugacious floccose squamose veil ; gills adnate, distinct, clay-colour, then watery cinnamon. — Fr. Icon. t.
On the ground. Around Hereford, &c., Oct., 1882.
“ Allied to C. collinitus, and for a long time united with it as a variety, but apparently quite distinct. It differs (1) in the spongy stem, attenuated downwards, white ; (2) pileus thinner, campanu- late, then expanded, at length reflexed and repand, membranaceous, margin striate ; (3 ) colour of the pileus livid, clay colour, when dry of an opaque tan colour; (4) gluten of the pileus thin, hyaline, diffluent, not forming a thick persistent bright-coloured pellicle ; (5) odour sweet. Gills clay-coloured, then cinnamon. No violet in the whole fungus.” — Fr. Mon. n., 37.
Cortinarius (Hydrocybe) renidens, Fr. Hym. Eur., 392.
Pileus rather fleshy, convex, then plane, even, smooth, shining , tawny (ochrace'ous) ; stem stuffed, Aim, equal, smooth, yellow as well as the fibrillose veil ; gills subadnate, crowded, thin, tawny. — Fr. Icon. t. 162, /. 1.
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
71
In shady woods. Highbeach, Epping.
“ With the habit of C. armeniacus , but smaller and of a brighter colour, readily distinguished — especially by the yellow veil ; stem firm, stuffed, 1J to 3 in. long, 3 to 4 lines thick, quite equal, ex- ternally rather cartilaginous, but wholly splitting into fibrils ; colour of the pileus yellowish, growing pallid, then fulvous ; veil lax, fibrillose, fugacious, yellow ; pileus slightly fleshy, firm, convex, then plane, obtuse or gibbous, 1 to 2 in. broad, quite smooth, shining, when moist ferruginous, fulvous, when dry ochraceons, usually with the disc becoming pale ; flesh thin, splitting, paler ; gills adnate, but also seceding and free, rather crowded, entire, at first pallid cinnamon, then fulvous ; spores dark ochre ; odour faint, not at all radish-like.” — Fr. Mon. n., 104.
Paxillus panseolus, Fr. Hym. Eur., 402.
Pileus thin, convex, plane, then rather depressed, smooth, moist, whitish, margin involute, thin ; stem stuffed, striate fibrillose, rufescent, incrassated downwards ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, narrow, at length watery ferruginous. — Hoffm. Icon, t. 10,/. 1.
On the ground in pine woods, &c. ( C . Bucknall).
lt Somewhat gregarious, at first externally and internally wholly dirty white, then becoming yellowish, gills at length watery cin- namon ; stem fleshy, stuffed, 1 inch, or a little more, long, 3 lines thick, striate fibrillose, thickened below ; pileus fleshy, compact, convex, then expanded, and somewhat depressed, even, smooth, spotted when moist, 1 to 2 in. broad ; margin thin, involute, villose ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, narrow, rather veined at the base, separated by a horny line from the pileus ; spores watery ferruginous.” — Fr. Mon. n., p. 117. Gills readily separating; spores small, subglobose.
Lactarius pargaraenus, Fr. Hym. Eur.. 430.
White. Pileus fleshy, tough, convex, then a little depressed, repand, without zones, rugulose, smooth ; stem stuffed, smooth, becoming discoloured ; gills adnate , very narrow, horizontal, much crowded , branched, white, then straw-coloured ; milk acrid, white. — Batsch,fig. 59.
In woods. Hayward Forest, Epping, &c.
“ Wholly white, filled with a very acrid white milk. Allied to L. piperatus, from which it differs in the stuffed stem, at length softer within, elongated (3 in.), unequal, attenuated downwards, and ascending, entirely smooth ; pileus thinner, tough, elastic, often irregular and excentric, sometimes flexuous, at first convex (not umbilicate), then becoming plane, surface quite smooth, but unpolished, and in a peculiar manner rugose ; gills adnate, either decurrent, very much crowded, very narrow (scarce 1 line broad), always straight and horizontal, or arcuate, or inclined upwards, soon straw-coloured ; flesh very milky, but the gills slightly.” — Fries Mon. n., 166.
Not uncommon, but hitherto confounded with L. piperatus.
NEW BRITISH FUNGI.
Stereum ochroleucum, Fr. Hym. Eur., 639.
Pileus between coriaceous and membranaceous, free, expanded, flaccid, silky, zoned, hoary ; hymenium even, smooth, yellowish.
On prostrate trunks. Kew Gardens, Nov., 1882.
tl Commonly broad, zones same colour, or tawny ; coating of the pileus usually falling away ; hymenium often rimose, as in Corticium — Fries.
Often effused, and then resembling a Corticium, but sometimes the margin is reflexed, forming a white silky zoned pileus. Hymenium pale flesh colour or ochraceous, often cracked with age or drying, like Corticium. It has some resemblance to thin forms of Stereum purpureum, from which it is at once distinguished by the different colour of the hymenium. Probably the species of Fries, but neither the Rev. M. J. Berkeley or myself have seen an authentic specimen.
Ramularia Malvae, Fckl. Symb.,p. 360.
Tufts lax, pallid, seated on orbicular, elongated, or irregular bleached spots ; flocci erect, mostly simple ; conidia sub- cylindrical, obtuse, simple or at length uniseptate, hyaline ( '03 X •005 mm.).
On leaves of Malva moschata. Forres (Rev. J. Keith).
Probably only a variety of the species described by Fuckel, of which we have seen no specimen. Above is description of the Scotch form.
Cercospora Calthae, Cke.
Spots small, orbicular, pallid, girt by a dark brown marginal ring. Threads very delicate, short, scarcely branched, hyaline. Spores cylindrical, obtues, 1-2 septate, thin, hyaline, but little thicker than the threads, (about *015-*02 x *002 mm.)
On leaves of Caltha palustris. Forres. (Rev. J. Keith)
We have not been able to find such a delicate species described, although it is difficult in these days, when species are swarming like bees, to ascertain what have been described, especially with the “ Jahresbericht ” for 1878, still uncompleted.
FUNGUS FORAYS, 1882.
Cryptogamic Society of Scotland. — The Annual Conference of this Society was held at Kenmore, Pertshire, on September 4th and following days. We have no report of the meeting, but hear that it was satisfactory.
Essex Field Club. — The Annual Foray, in Epping Forest, took place on the 23rd of September, and was in all respects satisfactory. Several interesting species were found, notably Cortinarius renidens for the first time in Britain. And altogether, twenty- two species were added to the Forest list of Hymenomy- cetes. In the evening a meeting was held, at which the results of
FUNGUS FORAYS, 1882.
73
the day were recounted, and papers read on “ Edible Fungi,” by H. T. Wharton, M.A. “ Fairy rings,” by W. G. Smith. “ Marine Algae of the Essex Coast,” by E. M. Holmes, and a de- monstration of “ the Uredines of Wheat,” by C. B. Plowright. Specimens collected during the day were labelled and exhibited in a separate room.
Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club. — The very popular and interesting meetings of the week commenced on Tuesday, October 3rd, by a visit to Wycliffe woods, near Ludlow. On Wednesday an excursion was made to Dinedor. On Thursday the Public Foray was made at Credenbill Camp — and on Friday the excur- sions concluded with a visit to Hayward Forest. Each evening was occupied by a conversazione, at which various papers were read — viz., “ Hetercecism of the Uredines ” and “ the Classifica- tion of the Uredines,” by C. B. Plowright. “ Dimorphism in Bhytisma radicale ,” by W. Phillips. “ On some English Bird names,” by H. T. Wharton, M.A. On “ Glfeocapsa sanguinea,” by the Rev. J. E. Yize. On “ Breconshire Raptores,” by E. Cambridge Phillips. In addition to an “ Historical account of Credinhill Camp, by Dr. Bull, read at Credinhill, under the shadow of the camp, on the day of the excursion.
And in the years that follow,
When all of us are stiff,
And can no longer clamber Up hillside, camp, or cliff.
With weeping, and with laughter,
Still be the story told,
How the good 1,1 Doctor ” stormed the camp,
In the brave days of old.
A detailed account of these meetings, by C. B. Plowright, was printed in “ The Gardener’s Chronicle ” for October 14, 1882.
Hackney Natural History Society. — This Society had a field day for the collection and study of Fungi in Epping Forest, on October 21st, when the members assembled at Chingford at noon amid a drenching rain, which continued without cessation throughout the rest of the day. Notwithstanding this drawback, some eighty species were determined or collected, and in the even- ing exhibited, and commented upon at Fairmead Lodge. An account of this Aquatic Foray, from the vigorous pen of Mr. Worthington Smith, appeared in the “ Gardener’s Chronicle,” of November 4.
Hertfordshire Natural History Society. — The first
Fungus Foray of this Society, took place in Cassiobury Park, Watford, on November 4th. Although late in the season, and a park not the very best of localities for variety of species, no less than upwards of seventy species of Hymenomycetes were collected aud determined, all of which were of interest, since no authentic record has hitherto been made of the Fungi found in the county. The party was in charge of Mr. Hopkinson, on§ of the secretaries.
74
FUNGUS FORAYS, 1882.
With but one exception the weather was fine and favourable, but it cannot be said that this has been a prolific year for fungi. In London mushrooms have been scarcer, and higher in price than they have been known for many years, hence we have resorted to other species, to the great alarm of many of our personal friends, and can now add to our experience a knowledge of the flavour of Agaricus ( Amanita) vaginatus, Fr., Agaricus ( Tricholoma) nudus , Bull., Agaricus ( Armillaria ) mucidus , Schr Agaricus ( Clitocy be) fragrans , Sow., and Hygrophorus coccineus , Fr. with a repetition of Russula heterophylla and cyanoxantha. All these in turns suffered demolition, and we still live to record our preference for Agancus nudus , and the Russules, although Agaricus mucidus is sufficiently delicate to warrant a better acquaintance. We had almost forgotten Agaricus ( Pleurotus j ulmarius, Fr. Agaricus {Clitocybe) nebularis , Fr., Coprinus atramentarius , Fr., Coprinus comatus , Fr., Hygrophorus pratensis , Fr., and Boletus gr anulatus , L., as amongst other of the delicacies of the present season in which we have indulged.
BRITISH MOSS FLORA.
Dr. Braithwaite has issued the sixth part of his excellent “ British Moss Flora.” All we have to regret is that it does not come to hand so rapidly as we could wish, and this regret is shared generally by British Bryologists. The present part con- tinues the Dicranacece, giving the genera Seligeria , Brachydontium , Blindia, Didymodon , Campy lopus, Dicranoweissia , and the first part of Dicranum. The seventh part, completing the Dicranacece , is in preparation. The illustrations as well as the letterpress are so excellent that we appeal to them in justification of our im- patience at the sober pace at which the work has hitherto pro- gressed. Nevertheless we believe that no blame attaches to the author, but to difficulties he has had to surmount with the plates.
MYCOLOGIC FLORA OF BELGIUM.
Dr. Lambotte has just published, in three volumes, a Fungus Flora, entitled “ Flore Mycologique de la Belgique,” which will prove very useful in Belgium, as well as Northern Fiance, as detailed descriptions are given in French, as well as analytical keys to the genera. We note that many of the species have indications useful to the mycoph agist, such as edible, poisonous, suspected ; and in some cases we were reminded of the edible qualities for which they are reputed, but which we had never put to the test, notably Agaricus ( Tricholoma ) nudus , which has proved so excel- lent that we are grateful to Dr. Lambotte for having reminded us. We can by no means endorse his very qualified opinion of Ag. nebularis, which is considered one of the safest and soundest of esculent fungi in this country.
75
SOME FRESH WATER ALGtM.
Fungi are sometimes said to be very erratic organisms, but I doubt if tbeir uncertainties are much greater than are found amongst the Fresh Water Algas. In the past summer, quite unexpectedly, the very beautiful water-net ( Hydrodictyon utricu - latum ) was found floating in a small pond in the pleasure grounds of Kew Gardens in such profusion that a barrowfull might soon have been collected. In three weeks another visit was paid to the same spot, in order to obtain some specimens for exhibition, and not a vestige could be seen on the surface. They might have gone to the bottom, but practically they were not obtainable. No one appears to have ever recognised the plant in this pond before, and possibly it may not be found again.
Passing through the propagating houses nearly at the same period of the year, the moss, which was growing freely on the damp walls, was observed to be encrusted with a glaucous Alga, not yet, as far I know, recorded as British. This was the species called in Rabenhorst’s “ Flora” Scytonema cinereum, variety Micheli, which is the Dnlosiphon muscicola of Kutzing. It was such a prominent object that one could scare avoid feeling surprise that it should never have been recorded.
Passing on another occasion the large pond in the pleasure ground, I noticed some globose olivaceous tufts of an Alga float- ing freely in the water or attached to small fragments of dead grass. The tufts were about the dimensions of a marble. Finding myself in some doubt as to its determination, I sent specimens to Professor Nordstedt, the result being that he came to the conclu- sion that it was the species which Dr. Kirchner had included in his “ Schlesischen Algen ” under the name of Plectonema mira- bile, as of Thuret, but which did not, from the dimensions, appear to be Thuret’s species. The threads were very nearly the size of those given by Dr. Kirchner, and if not his species, it will come very near to it. If this assumption proves correct, the species will stand as Plectonema Kirchneri , whilst Thuret’s name of Plectonema mirabile will still be retained to represent the old Calothrix mira- bilis, Agardh, which is certainly distinct from the Kew specimens.
Apropos of new species, a minute green, filamentous Alga has been found in some five or six localities with a small radius in Yorkshire, which for some time has proved a puzzle, and even yet has not perhaps found more that a temporary location in the genus Microthamnion , much more delicate than either M. strictissimum or M. Kutzingianum, which for the time we have been content to call Microthamnion vexator. The figure 107 in Rabenhorst’s “ Algas ” (p. 302) is much more like our plant than it seems to be of M. strictissimum , supposing it to be magnified about 320 diameters. Professor Wittrock, to whom the plant has been submitted, does not recognise it as any described species, and suggests for it a location in the above-named genus.
M. C. C.
76
THREE ASIATIC FUNGI.
By M. C. Cooke.
The following were collected by Maingay at the same time that his collection of Lichens was made : —
Diplodia pterocarpi, Cke.
Sparsa, semi-immersa, punctiformis ; peritheciis atris, opacis, subglohosis ; sporis ovato- ellipticis, obtusis, uniseptatis, fuscis (•01-*012 x '006-‘007 mm.), vix constrictis.
On bark of Pterocarpus Indicus. Malacca.
The perithecia have somewhat the appearance of a Ven'ucaria, with which the species was probably confounded when gathered. The spores are smaller than usual in this genus, and less opaque. Hypoxylon cocoinum, Cke.
Sparsa, emergens, atra, nitida, subconoidea vel hgemispherica, simplex vel confluens, ad basim applanata ; ascis cylindricis, stipi- tatis ; sporidiis ovato -ellipticis, obtusis, simplicibus, atrofuscis (/Ol-’Ol^ x ’066 mm.).
On stems and petioles of cocoanut palm. Malacca.
Conisphaeria Maingayi, Cke.
Sparsa, semi-immersa, atra, subconoidea, papillata ; ascis cylin- dricis, stipitatis ; sporidiis uniseriatis, fusiformibus, utrinque acutis, hyalinis, 3-5 septatis, nec constrictis (‘025 x *004 mm.).
On bark. Near Shanghai.
The above specimens are in the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens at Kew.
CRYPTOSPHiERIA MILLEPUNCTATA, Grev.
By M. C. Cooke.
In 1826 Dr. Gre ville published in his “ Scottish Cryptogamic Flora,” a plate and description of a Sphceria which lie named Cryptosphceria millepunctata , with this diagnosis : “ Perithecia
numerous, immersed beneath the epidermis, sub-regularly scat- tered, globose, black, the orifice very short, obtuse, scarcely ex- serted ; thecae acute at the apex ; the sporidia linear, curved.” — PI. 201. And he says of it : “ On the decaying branches of the common Ash (. Fraxinus excelsior ), the whole year, frequent.” And again he says : “ The branches of the Ash tree producing this species seem to the naked eye to be covered with innumerable minute black dots. Under the microscope these are found to be the orifices of perithecia concealed beneath the epidermis.” And yet again he says : “ I have never seen it except upon the Ash ; but in this country it is of very frequent occurrence.” Two years previous to this (1824) it had also been described in similar terms by Greville, under the same name in his “ Flora Edinensis ” (p. 360): “Nothing,” he says, “is visible of this species to the
CHVPT0S1?H^RIA millepunctata.
77
naked eye but the black dots on the epidermis. The sphserules, which are in the substance of the bark, fall with it.”
One would have thought, with so circumstantial a description, there would never have been the slightest doubt as to what species it was which Greville intended.
In 1836 Berkeley, in the fifth volume of the “ English Flora,” transfers Greville’s name as a synonym to Sphceria corticis , Sow., a small figure having been given in Sowerby’s Fungi, pi. 372, fig. 5, at about 1797, and called by him Sphceria corticis, but without any statement as to what branches the Spliceria was attached, or the slightest indication of the fruit. It is possible, even probable, that it was the same as Greville’s, judging from the figures, but the specimen in Sowerby’s herbarium at once sets the question at rest. It is a piece of ash twig, with the Sphceria millepunctata upon it. Berkeley therefore was right, as proved by Greville’s authentic specimens, and Sowerby’s authentic specimens, in regarding the two as absolutely identical. Then, in addition, Berkeley quotes Sphceria populina , Pers. Ic. Piet. t. 21, f. 5, 6, as a synonym. Was he accurate in this? It might be that he was so, and it might not , for we have never seen an authentic specimen of the plant which Persoon called S. populina.
As if still further to mix up uncertainties, Fries, in his “ Sys- tema,” published in 1822, adopts Sowerby’s name of Sphceria corticis, and gives Sphceria populina of Persoon as a synonym, the habitat of Fries’s plant being “ In cortice Populi j’
If we assume that there were two species similar in external appearance, one growing on ash, which was, as we have already seen, the Sphceria millepunctata of Greville, and the Sphceria corticis of Sowerby ; the other growing on poplar, which was the S. populina of Persoon, and the Sphceria corticis of Fries, we have evidence that Sowerby’s figure without description was insufficient, inasmuch as it could be made to represent two species, and there- fore the name of Sphceria corticis, Sow. , should have been dropped in favour of S. millepunctata , Grev., and the S. corticis , Fries, which was based on an insufficient figure, without description, should never have taken the place of S. populina , Pers. For our present aim we will assume two species, and call them S. mille- punctata, Grev., on ash (“ never seen except upon the ash and Sphceria populina , Pers., on poplar.
In the “ Handbook ” we restored the name of S. millepunctata , but quoted the synonyms of both species (supposing them really to be distinct) under the one name.
We come now to Nitschke “ Pyrenomycetes Germanici” (1867), and, in so far as we understand it, we find him describing the Sphceria on poplar (p. 161), but giving it the name of Valsa millepunctata (Grev.), with S. corticis , Sow., and S. populina, Pers., as well as the figure of Greville under it. Just, in fact, reversing the species, for he has another, by the name of Valsa eunomia (Fr.), on ash, quoting Sph. corticis , Curr. (which we know was
78
CRYPTOSPHADRIA MILLEPUNCTATA.
the same as S. millepunctata, Grev., from the specimens still extant), and also Fuckel’s specimen, No. 1800, which in our copy is on ash, and identical with Greville’s species ; whilst No. 908, which Fuckel quotes under S. millepunctata, Grey., is a species which we venture to say Greville never saw.
Afterwards (1869) Fuckel repeats, in his“ Symbolae” (p. 212), the same errors.
We come now to Saccardo’s “ Sylloge ” (1882), the last and most comprehensive work on the Pyrenomycetes yet published. Here we are happy to recognize a manifest improvement. (For the time we can forget any differences of opinion.) We find in the first place Greville’s old generic name restored, and the reasons we will not discuss, but the species is also put right, so that Crypto- sphceria millepunctata , Grev., is just what he intended it to be, with- out quoting Sowerby’s dubious figure of S. corticis, but adding as a synonym the Sphceria eunomia of Fries, in which he is doubtless justified. During the past fifteen years specimens have been dis- tributed on the Continent under Greville’s name, which were not his species ; whilst Greville’s species has persistently been issued under another name, and we have continued to protest against the error, in the full consciousness that we, on this side the Channel, must be permitted to know what was the species so common with us on the ash, to which Greville assigned a name. In addition Cryptosphceria populina (Pers.) is the name under which Saccardo records the Sphceria populina of Persoon, with the Sph. corticis of Fries as a synonym, at the same time admitting that it is the Valsa millepunctata of Nitschke, Fuckel, Karsten, and even of Saccardo himself (previously), but not of Greville. If the same care has been exercised in other species as in these (and there is no reason to suspect otherwise), then the more close our relationship with the “ Sylloge ” becomes, the more we shall appreciate its value, apart from any question of classification.
On the Chemical Reaction of the Thallus of Lecanora Smaragdula, Wahl. By E. G. Varenne. — In Mr. Leighton’s “ Lichen Flora,” the chemical reaction of Lecanora smaragdula , Wahl., is symbolized thus : K — C — . In specimens of this
Lichen met with in the neighbourhood of Penzance, and which were parasitical, as it were, on the thallus of rock crustaceous Lichens, such as Lecidea petrcea , Lecidea concentrica, &c., the re- action clearly is K. yellow, then red, C — . Being anxious for the opinion of a Lichenologist of experience in this matter, I re- quested Mr. Holmes to test his specimens of L. smaragdula for me. Mr. Holmes found the action as described above, K. yellow, then red C — . Mr. Holmes’s specimen was an authentic one un- doubtedly, having been given to that gentleman by a distinguished Lichenologist, Dr. Crombie.
79
ILLUSTRATIONS OF BRITISH FUNGI.
The following notice has been issued with Part XII : —
“ Notwithstanding the exercise of considerable care in the selec- tion of figures for illustration, two or three corrections must be made in the Plates already issued.
“ Plate 33, called Agaricus aurantius , Schf., is not that species, but evidently a form of Agaricus robustus ; the true Agaricus aurantius will be illustrated shortly.
“ Plate 60, called Agaricus imbricatus , is clearly Agaricus vaccinus. The figure of Agaricus imbricatus , prepared for the succeeding part, will exhibit the difference.
“ Plate 84, called Agaricus flaccidus , should have been Agaricus inversus , as Agaricus flaccidus , and an intermediate form, Agaricus lobatus, Sow., are published on succeeding plates.
“ It is hoped that the Leucospori will be completed with the 16th or 17th Part, and then Title Pages and Classified Index will be published for binding them in two volumes. Every effort will be made to render this portion as complete as possible, although it is certain that a few species will have to be omitted, as drawings of them cannot be obtained.
“ M. C. Cooke.”
CRYPTOGAMIC LITERATURE.
Ward, H. M. Researches in Life History of Hemileia vasta- trix, in “Journ. Linn. Soc.,” Aug., 1882.
Ellis, J. B. New North American Fungi, in “ Bull. Torrey Bot. Club,” Sept., 1882.
Crombie, J. M. Recent Additions to the British Lichen Flora, in “ Journ. Botany,” Sept., 1882.
Ljungstrom, E. Swedish Fungology, in “ Botaniska Notiser,” No. 4, 1882.
Rehm, Dr. Beitrage zur Ascomyceten Flora der deutschen Alpen and Yoralpen, in “ Hedwigia,” Nos. 7, 8.
Schulzer, S. Mykologisches, die gattung Aqaricus. “ CEstr. Bot. Zeitschrift,” 1882.
Cooke, M. C. Illustrations of Fungi, parts xi., xii.
Plowright, C. B. Experiments on Uredines, in “ Gardener’s Chronicle,” Sept. 2, 9, 16, 1882.
Saccardo, P. A. Fungi Italici, fasc. xxix to xxxii., plates 1121 to 1280.
Braithwaite, Dr. R. British Moss Flora, partvi.
Peck, C. H. An imperfectly described Phalloid (. Phallus Ravenellii , B. & C.), in “ Torrey Bot. Club,” Oct., 1882.
Ellis, J. B. Some New Species of Sphasriaceous Fungi, in “ American Naturalist,” vol. xvi., p. 809.
Borzi, A. Morfologia e Biologia delle Alghe Ficocromaceae, “ Nuovo. Giorn. Bot. Ital.,” Oct., 1882.
80
CRYPTOGAM IC LITERATURE*
Muller, Dr. J. Lichenologische Beitrage, in “ Flora,” Nos. 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 1882.
Goebel, K. Ueber die Antheridienstande von PolytncJium , in “Flora,” No. 21, 1882.
Geheeb, A. Barbula ccespitosa, in “ Flora,” No. 23, 1882.
Arnold, Dr. F. Lichenologische Fragmento, in “ Flora,” No. 26, 1882.
Geheeb, A. Webera sphagnicola, B.& S., in “ Flora,” No. 27, 1882.
Hazslinszky, F. Deutschen und ungarischen Geaster-arten.
Magnus, P. Entyloma of Helosciadium nodiflorum , in
u Hedwigia,” No. 9, 1882.
Rehm, Dr. Bemerkungen iiber Ascomyceten III., in
11 Hedwigia,” No. 9, 1882.
Winter, Dr. G. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora ; Pilze, pt. 8, 9.
Heckel, Dr. E. Teratologie Mycologique, in “ Revue Myco- logique,” Oct., 1882.
Patonillard, N. Observations sur quelques Hymenomycetes, “ Revue Mycologique,” Oct., 1882.
Brunaud, P. Champignons Saintais nouveaux on Critiques, “ Revue Mycologique,” Oct., 1882.
Gillot, X. Nouvelles observations sur quelques Champignons, “ Revue Mycologique,” Oct., 1882.
Roumeguere, C., and others. Various Mycologic Notes, in “ Revue Mycologique,” Oct., 1882.
Crisp, F., and others. Summary of Current Researches, in “ Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc.,” Oct., 1882.
Plowright, C. B. Mildews of Wheat (reprint).
Thuemen, F. von. Wurzelscbimmel der Weinreben.
Vize, Rev. J. E. List of Cryptogamia of the parish of Forden (Powisland Club).
Bucknall, C. Fungi of the Bristol District, part v. (re- print).
Mitten, W. Australian Mosses, in “ Phytographia? Australia?.”
Kindbero, W. C. Sveriges och Norges Moss Flora, in “ Bo- taniska Notiser,” No. 5, 1882.
Lambotte, E. Flore Mycologique de la Belgique, 3 vols. Verviers, 1882.
Holmes, E. M. Zygodon Forsteri , M., in Essex, in “Journ.
Bot.,” Nov., 1882.
Joshua, W. Notes on British Desmidiea?, in “ Journ Bot.,” Oct,, 1882.
Massee, G. Germinating Sporidia of Valsa leiphemia , in “Journ. Bot.,” Oct., 1882.
Uhlworm, Dr. O. Botanisches Centralsblatt, Nos. 36 to 45, 1882.
Friedlander & Son. New Catalogue of works on Crypto- gamia.
No. 59.]
[March, 1883.
A QUARTERLY RECORD OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY AND ITS LITERATURE.
ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.
By M. C. Cooke.
Having gone over the genus Xylaria , as represented in Sac- cardo’s “ Sylloge,” we have determined upon presenting the results in a form which may serve as a supplement to that portion of the volume. To the limitation of the genus in the work cited we have no restrictions to offer, but, accepting the limits as defined, we have some few additions to suggest, some emendations to offer, and a re-arrangement to propose. These will be considered under their respective headings.
Measurements. — Annexed is a series of measurements of sporidia, obtained, as we believe, from authentic specimens, some in our own possession, others in the Paris Collection, and others in the Herbaria attached to the Royal Gardens, Kew ; those of Montagne, Leveille, and Berkeley being from specimens derived from the authors. Wherever there w^as no original specimen at our disposal we have accepted the Rev. M. J. Berkeley’s deter- mination. The Borneo specimens were communicated to us by Baron Y. Cesati. Although we have had access to 112 out of the 153 species enumerated in the Sylloge, there still remain 40 of which we have no practical knowledge.
11. Xylaria melanaxis, Ces.
Sporidia *0035 x '002 mm.
14. Xylaria haemorrhoidalis, B. Sf Br.
Sporidia lanceolate, *035-*04 x *01 mm.
15. Xylaria Gardneri, Berk.
Sporidia *003 x ’002 mm.
16. Xylaria Guyanensis, Mont.
Sporidia *006-*007 X '004 mm.
18. Xylaria phosphorea, Berk.
Sporidia *01-*012 x *004-005 mm.
22. Xylaria fistuca, Berk.
Sporidia *01 X *004 mm.
27. Xylaria conocephala, B. fy C,
Sporidia *022 x *006 mm.
7
82
ON XYL ARIA AND ITS ALLIES.
29. Xylaria allantoidea, BerTc.
Sporidia 'Ol-'O^ x ‘0035 mm.
33. Xylaria Domingensis, B.
Sporidia lanceolate, ’02 X '0035--004 mm.
36. Xylaria fistulosa, Fr.
Sporidia *02 x '0035 mm.
40. Xylaria grammica, Mont.
Sporidia -Olo-'OIB x *004 mm.
41. Xylaria Xegeliana, Fr.
Sporidia '03-'035 x '0065--007 mm.
42. Xylaria ob ovata, Berk.
Sporidia *03 x '008 mm.
43. Xylaria Poiteani, {Lev.)
Sporidia 'Old x '004 mm.
45. Xylaria obtusissima, BerTc.
Sporidia -01-'012 x '0035 mm.
46. Xylaria plebeja, Ces.
Sporidia *01 X '003 mm.
51. Xylaria rhytidophlaea, Mont.
Sporidia 'Ol-'Oll x '005 mm. (Cayenne.)
„ -01--013 X *006 mm. (Australia.)
61. Xylaria zeylanica, Berk.
Sporidia '018 X '0035 mm.
62. Xylaria microceras, Mont.
Sporidia *012 X '004 mm.
63. Xylaria Wrightii, B. Sf C.
Sporidia '03 x '0085 mm.
Scarce distinct from X. involuta , Kl.
64. Xylaria cudonia, B. Sf C.
Sporidia almond-shaped, '013 X '008 mm.
68. Xylaria exalbata, B. Sf Br.
Sporidia '012 X '003 mm.
70. Xylaria anisopleura, Mont.
Sporidia *035 x '01 mm.
72. Xylaria complanata, Ces.
Sporidia *01-'012 X '005 mm.
74. Xylaria dealbata, B. Sf C.
Sporidia '04 x '01 mm.
79. Xylaria tabacina, Kickx.
Sporidia *022-'0 25 X '005 mm.
= Xylaria involuta, Klotsch , which is the older name 85. Xylaria rhopaloides, ( Kunze .) Mont .
Sporidia '01 X '005 mm.
98. Xylaria collabens, Mont.
Sporidia '03 X '01 mm.
102. Xylaria radicata, B. Sf C.
Sporidia elliptic, '008-’01 X ‘004 mm.
103. Xylaria scruposa, Fr.
Sporidia '02 X *005 mm.
ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.
83
105. Xylaxia Culleniae, B. 8f Br.
Sporidia '016 X ‘005-'006 mm.
108. Xylaxia spathulata, B . Br.
Sporidia *006 x *003 mm.
112. Xylaxia cupxessifoxmis, Becc.
Sporidia • 022- 025 X *005 mm.
120. Xylaxia Guepini, Fr.
Sporidia *008 x *004 mm. (sec Fries.)
Xylaxia eupeliaca, Ces.
Sporidia *005 x *0025 mm. (sec Cesati.)
132. Xylaxia subtexxanea, Schuz.
Sporidia -017--02 X *005 mm.
133. Xylaxia ianthino- velutina, Mont.
Sporidia *013 x *004 mm.
Also the same in Xylaria monilifera, Berk., and what we believe to be Xylaria Apeibce, Mont.
139. Xylaxia scopifoxmis, Mont.
Sporidia •01-012 x *0035 mm.
144. Xylaxia phyllophila, Ces.
Sporidia -02 x ’01 mm.
150. Xylaxia gxacillima, Fr.
Sporidia cylindrical, *013 X ‘0035 mm.
151. Xylaxia xhizomoxpha, Mont.
Sporidia •OCffi-’OOG x ’0025 mm.
Emendations. — We would suggest the following emendations in respect of species with which we are acquainted, presumably on sufficient authority.
All that regards arrangement will be alluded to hereafter, together with a proposed re-arrangement, which need not be discussed at length, as it would occupy a large amount of space, and there is no substantial difference between ourselves and Professor Saccardo on the principles upon which such arrangement should be based.
Primarily, we would exclude from the genus Nos. 24, 80, and 81, as these were relegated to a new genus, Glaziella, by Berkeley, in 1879, as —
24. Glaziella abnormis, (B.) Cke.
80. Glaziella aurantiaca, Berk.
81. Glaziella splendens, Berk., together with Glaziella vesiculosa. Berk.
Glaziella ceramichroum, B. & Br.
They are nearer to Hypocrea than Xylaria, and would occupy an analogous position in Eypocreacei to Daldinia in Xylariei. The diagnosis of the genus is— “ Stroma subglobose, brightly coloured, fleshy. Perithecia pallid, filled with hyaline gelatin.” Although Sphceria compuncta , Jungh., is by no means a good Xylaria , it could scarcely be transferred to this genus (32) and would be better in Hypoxylon.
In the next place there are some species that are repeated under other names ; for example —
84
ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.
35. Xylaria escharoidea, Berk., must include also Xylaria piperi- formis , Berk. (131). Xylaria mutabilis , Curr., in Linn. Trans., and Xylaria flagelli formis, Curr. in Linn. Trans., which latter is only a sterile condition of his Xylaria mutabilis , as his own figures will show. The sporidia in all three species are absolutely identical.
55. Xylaria Telfairii, Berk. should stand as synonyms of
79. Xylaria tabacina, Kickx. ) Xylaria involuta, Klotsch, which is the other name, whilst 63 Xylaria Wrightii , B. & C., appears to present no specific difference.
67. Xylaria acicula , Ces., according to specimen from Cesati does not differ from X. aristata , Mont.
75. Xylaria cerebrina ( Fee.), is certainly an Hypoxylon with a coloured stroma, according to specimens in Herb. Paris.
120. Xylaria Guepini , Fr., and
Xylaria eupeliaca, Ces , can scarcely be regarded as the same species.
133. Xylaria ianthino -velutina, Mont., and
153. Xylaria Apeibce , Mont., as well as
Xylaria moniliformis , Berk, in Herb., must be held to constitute one species, as Saccardo suspected.
Although we are hardly prepared to expect that our suggestion would ensure Professor Saccardo’ s approval, we would transfer his Nos. 83 and 84 to the genus, or subgenus, Rhopalopsis , hereafter designated.
Additions. — The following species are not included in the “Sylloge,” some of them never having been published. They are all described here, although some of them could not be included in any list except as if species dubiae,” such as Xylaria tuberosa . Their relationship to other species, as we comprehend it, will be indicated in the classified list at the close of this communica- tion.
2. Xylaria australis, CooTce.
Stromate clavato, nudo x f in.), sursum incrassato, obtuso, laevi, fusco, ex ostiolis mimitissimis obscure punctato, intus albido dein cavo ; stipite elongato (1^-2 in.) glabro, tenui (£ in.) nigri- cante ; ascis cylindraceis, stipitatis, sporidiis arcte lanceolatis, fuscis (-615 x *003 mm.).
On wood. Endeavour River, Australia.
Resembles very much the description of X. euglossa, Fr., but the sporidia are of a different form.
10. Xylaria olobapha, Berk, in Herb. Kew.
Stromate erecto, clavato, rufo, infra in stipitem brevem attenuato. Stipite tenui, glabro, sequali ; peritheciis globosis, atris, ostiolis punctiformibus, planis ; ascis cylindraceis, stipitatis ; sporidiis lanceolatis, rectis vel curvulis, fuscis ('02 -'022 x '0085 mm.).
On trunks. Brazil, Mexico.
Whole plant 2-2^ inches high, of which the club occupies half. Club 1 c.m. thick.
ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.
85
20. Xylaria Berkeley!, Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1855, III., 104.
Stromate erecto, suberoso, atro, cylindrico-clavato, obtuso, papil- lato ; intus albo. Stipite gracili, glabro, concolori. Peritheciis globosis, numerosis, ostiolis prominulis, asperulis ; ascis cylin- draceis, stipitatis ; sporidiis arcte fusiformibus, rectis, curvulisve, fuscis (-018--022 x ’003--004 mm.).
On wood. Cayenne.
From specimens communicated by Dr. Montagne.
23. Xylaria escharoidea, Berk.
To this species must be referred, as synonyms, Xylaria nigripes, Klotsch, Xylaria piperiforyiis, Berk., Xylaria mutabilis , Curr. Linn. Trans. (1876), and Xylaria jlabelliformis, Curr. Linn. Trans. (1876), t. 21. The latter being the sterile form. The description by Klotsch (“ Linnea,” yii., p. 203) dates from 1832, so that his name certainly appears to demand precedence. We have had the good fortune to see and examine the type specimens of all the above-named species, and the sporidia are identical.
25. Xylaria multifida, ( Sphceria multifida Kunze , sec Leveille, Ann.
Sci. Nat., 1845, iii., 45.)
Stromate conidifero erecto, furcato-partito, palmato-que, albido. Stromate ascigero simplici, erecto, atro, clavato; stipite sequilongo, tenui, atro, glabro (?); peritheciis globosis, atris, prominulis: ascis cylindraeeis, stipitatis ; sporidiis fusiformibus, obtusis, in- sequilateralibus, fuscis (*01-*012 X -004--005.)
On trunks. Java, and Central America, in Herb. Paris.
Greatly resembling X. hypoxylon , of which it may be a variety.
26. Xylaria acicularis ( Sphceria , Hypoxylon , acicularis, Berk. Hook,
Journ,, 1842, p. 141.)
Suberosa, acicularis, simplex, rarissime furcato-palmata, lsevis ; stipite laevi, vel subplicato ; clavula elongata, lineari, cum stipite confluente, crusta laccato atro farina argillacea velata reticulato- rimosa ; peritheciis globosis ; ostiolis prominulis.
On wood. Surinam.
3-3^ in. high, 1 line or more thick.
28. Xylaria Cordovensis, Berk, in Herb. Ken.
Stromate erecto, clavato, atro (1-1-jt in*) ; stipite tenui, glabro, semi-unciali, clavula utrinque sub-attenuata, supra obtusa ; peri- theciis globosis, prominulis ; ascis cylindraeeis, stipitatis ; sporidiis arcte fusiformibus, rectis curvulisque, fuscis, (-015- 016 x ’004 mm.).
On trunks. Cordova, (Salle No. 95.)
34. Xylaria IVXellisii ( Hypoxylon Mellisii, Berk, in Herb.)
Stromate coriaceo, atro, stipitato, ramuloso. Clavulis cylindricis, ellipticis, lanceolatis, furcatis vel difformibus, in ramulis brevibus congestis, intus albo ; stipite tenui, flexili, glabro, furcato ; peri- theciis globosis, atris ; ostiolis prominulis, scabris ; ascis cylin- draceis, stipitatis ; sporidiis elliptico-lanceolatis, fuscis (-012 x *005 mm.).
On bark and wood. St. Helena.
86
ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.
Not more than half an inch or an inch high. Clubs densely crowded, about a quarter of an inch long, at the apex of a slender furcate or simple stem, which penetrates the bark or wood, so that only the cluster of small clubs is visible.
42. Xylaxia Willsii, Berk, in Herb.
Carnosa, aurantio-fulva, stipitata. Clavulis simplicibus, vel furcatis, cylindraceis, obtusis (1-1-^ in. long, incrass.) ; stipite lsevi (1 in. long), tenui, concolore; peritheciis minimis, brunneis, (immaturis); ostiolis planis, punctiformibus ; spor. n. v.
On wood. Ste Fee de Bogota.
With a great resemblance to X. persicaria , Schwz.
46. Xylaxia cexebxifoxmis, Cooke.
Magna, suberosa, stipitata, fuliginea, stipite vix uncialis (crass.
unc.), lignoso, glabra, sulcato, interdum laterali; capitulo sub- elliptico (ljxl unc.), profunde sulcato, aliter rugoso, cerebri- formi, demum laeviusculo, intas albo ; peritheciis minimis, glo- bosis, atris, confertis ; ostiolis minutissimis, vix visibilis, planis ; ascis cylindraceis ; sporidiis arcte lanceolatis, rectis curvulisve, brunneis, (-009-'01 X ‘0025 mm.).
On wood (?) Endeavour River, Australia.
Perithecia and sporidia smaller than in X. lobata , C. ; ostiola scarce visible on the surface.
50. Xylaxia Emexici, Berk, in Herb. Kerv.
Magna, suberosa, clavata. Stromate erecto (5-6 in. long, 1^ in. lat.), glabro, fuligineo, ostiolis minuto, punctato, intus griseo- lilacino, demum centro cavo ; stipite crasso, brevi, glabro, sursum in clavulam incrassato ; peritheciis globosis, atris, nec prominulis ; ascis cylindraceis, stipitatis ; sporidiis lanceolatis, utrinque obtusis, rectis vel curvulis (*02 x *008 mm.).
On the ground (?) Neilgherries, India.
54. Xylaxia xegalis^ Cooke.
Suberosa, clavaeformis, pyriformis, vel subglobosis, simplex, obtusa, magna (3-4 in. x 2-3 in.), atra, cum stipite brevi crasso nudo confluente ; ostiolis prominulis, subnitidis ; peritheciis magnis, globosis, atris ; ascis cylindraceis, stipitatis; sporidiis ellipticis, utrinque attenuatis, rectis curvulisve, fuscis (‘012 X *004 mm.).
On wood. Botanic Garden, Calcutta (Kurz).
Closely allied to X. Poiteani, Lev., from which it differs in its rougher exterior, and smaller sporidia.
57. Xylaxia lobata, Cooke .
Magna, suberosa, conchiformis, sessilis, ambitu lobata, fusca, laevis, subnitida, lobis rotundatis, intus albo ; peritheciis confertis, globosis, atris ; ostiolis minutissimis, punctiformibus, planis ; ascis cylindraceis ; sporidiis arcte lanceolatis, rectis, curvulisve, brunneis (-012 X ’003 mm.).
On wood. Endeavour River, Australia.
A noble species resembling nothing hitherto described.
ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.
87
76. Xylaria salmonicolor, Berk. in Herb.
Stromate erecto, suberoso, simplici, clavato-cylindrico, supra obtuso, infra attenuato, atro-brunneo ; intus rubente, salmoni colori ; stipite brevissimo ; peritheciis globosis, minutis, numero- sissimis ; ostiolis planis punctiformibus ; sporidiis ignotis.
On wood. Neilgherries, India.
Clubs about 1J. in long, ^in. thick ; stem scarcely a quarter
inch.
90. Xylaria favosa, Berk. $ Curt, in Herb. Ken.
Suberosa. Stromate erecto, atro-fusco, rugoso, pyriformi, infra in stipite brevi attenuato, intus favoso-lacunoso, fusco ; peritheciis imperfectis.
On wood (?) Cuba.
1^ in. high, Jin. thick. Possibly an Hypoxylon , but without fruit.
107. Xylaria ventricosa, Berk, in Herb.
Stromate erecto, ventricoso, fusco, longitudinaliter rugosulo, apice longe acuminato, intus albo, demum cavo ; stipite tenui (J in.) ; peritheciis globosis ; ostiolis inconspicuis ; ascis cylin- draceis ; sporidiis n. v.
On wood. Java.
Perhaps merely a variety of X. gigantea. About three inches high. Stem j in., expanding into the oblong capitule, which is some li in. long, and J- in. thick, terminating in a long sterile apex A in. long.
114. Xylaria fustis, Mont, in Enum. PI. Cubensis MSS.
Stromate erecto, sub-clavato, stipitato ; supra acuminato, sterili, infra in stipite elongato, tenui, flexili, attenuato, glabro ; peri- theciis globosis, atris, prominulis, magnis, paucis ( 1 0-12) ; ascis cylindraceis, stipitatis ; sporidiis ellipticis, utnnque subattenuatis, fuscis ('012 x '0065-,007 mm.).
On trunks. Cuba.
Stem 1^-2 in. long. Capitulum half an inch.
135. Xylaria trachelina (Sphceria, Cor dy ceps. trachelina, Lev. Arm. Sei. Nat. 1860, V. 304.)
Receptaculis elongatis, rugosis, tuberculosis, apice acutis, steri- libus, fuliginosis, intus albis, pedicello longissimo, tomentoso, suffultis ; peritheciis globosis, prominentibus, intus nigris ; ostiolis obsoletis ; ascis cylindraceis ; sporidiis obtuse lanceolatis, fuscis, (•02 x '007 mm.).
On trunks. New Granada.
1-1^ in. high, stem -J inch. Clubs -J to 1 in. long, -J-J inch thick.
151. Xylaria monilifera, Berk, in Herb. Ken.
On legumes.
Evidently the same species as Xylaria ianthino-velutina, Mont., and Xylaria Apeibce , Mont. The sporidia in all are the same. The stem is hairy, the stroma branched, terminating in sterile points.
88
ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.
157. Xylaria tuberosa (S plueria tuberosa , Persoon in “ Gaudichaud’s
Voyage,” p. 180).
Clavulis elongatis, glabris, apice compressis, ramosis, basi tuberoso.
On rotten wood (?) Sandwich Isles.
“ Intermediate between X. hypoxylon and X. bulbosa the radical tubercle is oval or oblong.”
Specimens in Herb. Paris are sterile, except for the bulbous base, would at once be referred to X. hypoxylon , of which it is pro- bably only a form.
158. Xylaria furcellata, Berk, in Herb.
Stromate erecto, aurantio, supra bi-vel tri-dichotomo-furcato ; ramulis abbreviatis, obtusis, sub-clavatis, cinereis ; stipite erecto, tenui, aequali,' vel ventricoso, radicato ; peritheciis ignotis.
The Neilgherries, India.
A very marked, but imperfect species, about 2 inches high, the branched apex scarce half an inch across.
159. Xylaria xanthiceps, Berk, in Herb.
This again is a minute corticolous species of which only conidia are developed. The small clubs are tipped with yellow.
161. Xylaria hystrix, Berk, in Herb.
This is merely a fasciculate, erumpent condition of some species in its young and sterile state, and cannot be described.
162. Xylaria Carteri, Berk, in Herb.
Globosa, stipitata, atra, nitida in. diam.), intus fusca.
On wood. Bombay.
This also is evidently a species of Phylacia , whether that genus represents any condition of Xylaria or not.
163. Xylaria ramulosa, Berk. ( Sphceria ramulosa , Schwz.).
This has every appearance of being a species of Phylacia — internally it is chiefly brown, there are no perithecia, and we have seen no spores.
On bark. Surinam.
Arrangement. — It only remains for us now to subjoin an amended arrangement of the species under the same four groups as proposed originally by Fries, and adopted by Saccardo. It may not be wholly egotistical to affirm that our facilities for becoming practically acquainted with a vast number of species have been great, and from this experience we have been enabled to determine more accurately their affinities than could be done from descriptions alone. The subdivision containing species with a discoid base has not commended itself to us for adoption, since it is by no means a permanent character, varying according to the hardness or softness of the matrix. Almost all, if not all, the specimens growing on hard wood expand at the base, so as to secure a firmer attachment, whereas when the wood is soft the base is more or less penetrating. Both conditions may be observed in a good series of Xylaria hypoxylon.
ON XYLARIA AND ITS ALLIES.
89
XYLARIA.
A. Xyloglossa. Club everywhere fertile, stem smooth. a. Capitulum clavate ; stem slender, elongated.
* Simple.
1. Xylaria euglossa, Fries.
|
2. |
)> |
australis, Cooke. |
|
3. |
t> |
involuta, Klotsch. = X. tabacina, Kickx. = X. Telfairii, Berk. |
|
4. |
n |
Wrightii, B. & C. |
|
5. |
a |
Portoricensis, Klotsch. |
|
6. |
n |
hypoerythra, Mont. Guyanensis, Mont. |
|
7. |
a |
|
|
8. |
n |
clavicularis, Klot. |
|
9. |
n |
gigantea, Zipp. |
|
10. |
» |
olobapha, Berk. |
|
11. |
17 |
exalbata, Berk. |
|
12. |
It |
grammica, Mont. = X. ectogramma , Berk. |
|
13. |
It |
melanaxis, Ces. |
|
14. |
|